Family Resilience Model: The Influence of Cultural Identity, Coping, Family Strain, Socioeconomic Status, and Community Support on Family Resilience among the Batak Toba Ethnic Group

A resilient family is capable of survival, overcoming difficult challenges, and growing stronger. Cultural identity is among many factors that play a role in forming family resilience because the understanding and values of family resilience must be built in accordance with local culture. This study aims to analyze the factors that build family resilience in Indonesian families, especially those from the Batak Toba. It uses the Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire to measure family resilience (α = 0.879), the Responses to Stress Questionnaire to measure coping (α =0.755), and the Family Strains Index to measure strain (α =0.763). Another measurement tool is the Batak Toba Adat Questionnaire, which is used to measure cultural identity (α = 0.677), community support, and socioeconomic status (SES). The data is analyzed using linear structural relations through structural equation modeling (SEM). The study participants are individuals who use Batak Toba surnames (N = 295) of whom 51.2% are female and 48.4% are male, with an age range of 30 to 65 years. The percentage of subjects from big families is 50.85%. Results show that cultural identity, coping, family strain, community support, and SES contribute together to build family resilience. The final generated model shows community support as a mediator of cultural identity and SES in the formation of family resilience, which is directly influenced by family strain and coping.

Intergenerational Strain and Subjective Well-being: The Role of Leisure Activity Engagement

Family strain is associated with higher numbers of depressive symptoms and lower levels of life satisfaction. Leisure activities are observed to buffer the negative effects of family strain among younger adults, however, this phenomenon is understudied among older adults. This study examines the relationship between intergenerational strain and depressive symptoms and life satisfaction among persons aged 50 and older. The study also examines the moderating effects of gender and leisure activities. The analysis uses the Health and Retirement Study to addresses these questions. The results suggest that intergenerational strain (p=.000) and being female (p.=000), are associated with more depressive symptoms, while engagement in social leisure activities (p.=04) is associated with fewer. Intergenerational strain (p=.000) and being female (p=.03) are associated with lower levels of life satisfaction, while engagement in solitary (p=.000) and social leisure activities (p=.000) are associated with higher levels. Results from moderation models suggest that as intergenerational strain increases, women have lower life satisfaction and more depressive symptoms as compared to men (p=.000). Also, the association between intergenerational strain and life satisfaction is reduced among respondents who engaged in leisure activities (p=.002-social and p=.000-solitary). Further, the positive relationship between intergeneration strain and depressive symptoms is lower for persons who engage in leisure activities (p=.027-solitary and p=.013-social). Finally, women who engage in social and solitary leisure activities have fewer depressive symptoms than men (p=.037). The study findings imply that the subjective well-being of older persons may be improved in terms of intergeneration strain if they engage in leisure activities.

Social support and strain and emotional distress among Latinos in the northeastern United States

Background US Latinos report high levels of emotional distress. Having positive familial and friend social support buffers emotional distress among US Latinos, but thus far no research has been done on social support and ataque de nervios in that population, or on social strain and emotional distress. Methods This paper assesses social support and strain across three relationship types (partner, family, and friends) with three measures of emotional distress (depression, anxiety, and ataque de nervios). The sample for partner, family, and friend support included 508 Latino adults 21 and older. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association of social support and strain with each outcome. Results As all social support types increased, the odds of emotional distress symptoms decreased. Conversely, as each unit of partner and family strain increased, the odds of emotional distress symptoms increased. Increased friend strain was associated with greater odds of depressive and anxiety symptoms only. Conclusion Social support in all three network types (partner, family, and friend) was associated with a decrease in the odds of emotional distress, assessed as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and ataque de nervios.

Anxiety amongst physicians during COVID-19: Cross-sectional study in Pakistan

Background: Ensuring safety and wellbeing of healthcare providers is crucial, particularly during times of a pandemic. In this study, we aim to identify the determinants of anxiety in physicians on duty in coronavirus wards or quarantine centers. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional quantitative survey with an additional qualitative item. Five constructs of workload, exhaustion, family strain, feeling of protection, and anxiety were measured using items from two validated tools. Modifications were made for regional relevance. Factor analysis was performed showing satisfactory Cronbach alpha results. Overall, 103 physicians completed the questionnaire. Results: T-test results revealed significant associations between gender and anxiety. Structural equation modeling identified that high workload contributed to greater exhaustion (β=0.41, R2=0.17, p<0.001) and greater family strain (β=0.47, R2=0.22, p<0.001). Exhaustion (β=0.17, p<0.005), family strain (β=0.34, p<0.001), and feelings of protection (β=-0.30, p<0.001) significantly explained anxiety (R2=0.28). Qualitative findings further identified specific needs of physicians with regard to protective equipment, compensation, quarantine management, resource allocation, security and public support, governance improvement, and health sector development. Conclusions: It is imperative to improve governmental and social support for physicians and other healthcare providers during the corona pandemic. Immediate attention is needed to reduce anxiety, workload, and family strain in frontline practitioners treating coronavirus patients, and to improve their (perceptions of) protection. This is a precondition for patient safety.

Anxiety amongst physicians during COVID-19: Cross-sectional study in Pakistan

Background: Ensuring safety and wellbeing of healthcare providers is crucial, particularly during times of a pandemic. In this study, we aim to identify the determinants of anxiety in physicians on duty in coronavirus wards or quarantine centers. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional quantitative survey with an additional qualitative item. Five constructs of workload, exhaustion, family strain, feeling of protection, and anxiety were measured using items from two validated tools. Modifications were made for regional relevance. Factor analysis was performed showing satisfactory Cronbach alpha results. Overall, 103 physicians completed the questionnaire. Results: T-test results revealed significant associations between gender and anxiety. Structural equation modeling identified that high workload contributed to greater exhaustion (β=0.41, R2=0.17, p<0.001) and greater family strain (β=0.47, R2=0.22, p<0.001). Exhaustion (β=0.17, p<0.005), family strain (β=0.34, p<0.001), and feelings of protection (β=-0.30, p<0.001) significantly explained anxiety (R2=0.28). Qualitative findings further identified specific needs of physicians with regard to protective equipment, compensation, quarantine management, resource allocation, security and public support, governance improvement, and health sector development. Conclusions: It is imperative to improve governmental and social support for physicians and other healthcare providers during the corona pandemic. Immediate attention is needed to reduce anxiety, workload, and family strain in frontline practitioners treating coronavirus patients, and to improve their (perceptions of) protection. This is a precondition for patient safety.

Υλικές συνθήκες, κοινωνικό κεφάλαιο και ψυχική υγεία των παιδιών και των εφήβων: Μια σύντομη επισκόπηση

The present brief review examines the interrelationships between social factors and children’s as well as adolescents’ mental health by looking mostly at the real social and material conditions of their development. The review stems from the sociological theories of social capital (Coleman, 1988), of social disorganization (Sampson & Laub, 1994), and from psycho-social theories of family strain model (Conger & Elder, 1994), and of the psychological sense of community (McMillan & Chavis, 1986). international empirical evidence is presented concerning with the fields of primary and secondary socialization of children and adolescents. This evidence shows that the stable material wellness, intimate and community social bonds, the sense of place together with the sense of psychological community constitute critical factors and processes that influence strongly the social and psychological health of children and adolescents.

Anxiety Amongst Physicians During COVID-19: Cross-Sectional Study in Pakistan

Background: Ensuring safety and wellbeing of healthcare providers is crucial, particularly during times of a pandemic. In this study, we aim to identify the determinants of anxiety in physicians on duty in coronavirus wards or quarantine centers. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional quantitative survey with an additional qualitative item. Overall, 103 physicians completed the questionnaire. T-test results revealed significant associations between gender and anxiety. Results: Structural equation modeling identified that high workload contributed to greater exhaustion (β=0.41, R2=0.17, p<0.001) and greater family strain (β=0.47, R2=0.22, p<0.001). Exhaustion (β=0.17, p<0.005), family strain (β=0.34, p<0.001), and feelings of protection (β=-0.30, p<0.001) significantly explained anxiety (R2=0.28). Qualitative findings further identified specific needs of physicians with regard to protective equipment, compensation, quarantine management, resource allocation, security and public support, governance improvement, and health sector development. Conclusions: It is imperative to improve governmental and social support for healthcare providers during the corona pandemic. Immediate attention is needed to reduce anxiety, workload, and family strain in frontline practitioners treating coronavirus patients, and to improve their (perceptions of) protection. This is a precondition for patient safety.