Prevention of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) by Planting Lemongrass at SMK 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by the dengue virus which is transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is caused by the dengue virus and is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is characterized by a sudden fever of two to seven days without a clear cause, weakness or lethargy, restlessness, heartburn accompanied by signs of bleeding on the skin in the form of bleeding spots, bruising or rashes. sometimes nosebleeds, bloody stools, vomiting blood, decreased consciousness or shock. This PKM aims to provide detailed information about DHF and how to prevent DHF using lemon grass. After participating in this lesson, participants are expected to be able to understand what dengue is, the benefits of lemongrass and know how to plant lemongrass in their neighborhood. The method used in this research is to conduct counseling and distribute pretest and posttest. The results show that this community service program can increase students' knowledge by 64.3% related to the dangers of dengue fever, the benefits of lemongrass as a mosquito repellent plant and how to plant lemongrass correctly.

Formulation and evaluation of eco-friendly handmade herbal mosquito repellent cone

A mosquito belongs to the insect-family Culicidae, order Diptera, suborder Nematocera and class Insecta. Mosquito act as vector which carries many disease causing parasites and viruses. Preventing mosquito spread is immensely necessary to stop spread of various contagious diseases. Now days, uses of plant based mosquito repellent have increased as synthetic repellents contains many noxious chemicals which can cause possible toxicity like skin toxicity and causes swelling, redness, itching and many health problems. The herbal mosquito repellent cones were prepared by using saw dust, cow dung, gum acacia, neem powder, eucalyptus powder and lemon grass powder. Lemon grass has insecticidal property. Saw dust increases the combustion. Gum acacia act as binder. Cow dung shows antioxidant and mosquito repellent property. Neem has mosquito repellent property. Herbal mosquito repellent cone were prepared by hand rolling method. The evaluation parameters of herbal mosquito repellent cone contain burning time (min), smoke visibility, odor, irritation test, ash weight (g.) and mosquito repellent activity. The formulation LNC containing lemon grass powder along with neem powder and cow dung in equal ratio shows best activity and maximum effectiveness in reducing mosquito number in comparison with all other formulations. In present study, the powders used in formulation were herbal based and eco-friendly and producing no side-effect on use. Here an attempt has been made to find out the novel formulation of different herbal plant powders containing alone and with combination for mosquito repellent cone.

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Extracts of Cymbopogon Citratus (Lemon Grass) and Phyllantus Amarus (Stone Breaker) Leaves

This study described the chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of fresh and dried leaves of Phyllantus amarus (PA) (Stone breaker), Cymbopogon citratus (CC) (Lemon grass) and combination of stone breaker and lemon grass (PA/CC and DL/DP) using standard methods. The proximate and mineral results showed that both fresh and dried samples of Phyllantus amarus and Cymbopogon citratus were rich in crude fibre (18.53%, 14.65%), ash (16.27%, 2.29%), potassium (95.56 mg/100g, 54.04 mg/100g), calcium (58.57 mg/100g, 7.05 mg/100g), and sodium (15.23 mg/100g, 9.84 mg/100g) respectively. The ability of the extracts to scavenge 2, 2 diphenyl -2- picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical showed that the fresh PA had the highest scavenging activity of 91.12 mg/g, followed (PA/CC) 90.93 mg/g and dried PA (85.61mg/g). The phytochemical composition of the extracts also revealed that they contain high content of cardiac glycoside (11.62 mg/g - 64.81 mg/g), terpenoid (14.56 mg/g - 69.66 mg/g), phenol (14.73 mg/g - 53.93 mg/g), saponin (22.61 mg/g - 30.47mg/g). Dried lemon and dried Phyllantus amarus (DL/DP) was found to be rich in Vitamin A (22.22 mg/g), while the lowest value of Vitamin E (0.36 mg/g) was obtained from fresh lemon grass (0.36mg/g). Antibacterial assay carried out on the two leaves extracts showed that they produced mild antibacterial activity against some foodborne pathogen (Bacillus cereus, Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas spp). with zones of inhibition of 4.3 mm -9.1mm. Further studies should be carried out to investigate the employment of the leaves in production of functional food

ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF NATURAL COMPOUND FROM LEMON GRASS LEAVES EXTRACT ON LUNG CARCINOMA CELL LINE A549: AN IN VITRO STUDY

Lemon grass is a widely cultivated plant, whose extracts are known to possess anti-cancer properties. However, studies related to the effect of different solvent extracts of lemon grass on lung cancer cell lines are scarce. This study was conducted to study the effect of various extracts on the viability of the A549 lung carcinoma cell line. Four solvents (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol) were used for extraction of lemon grass. The effect of these solvent extracts on A549 cell line was studied. Cell viability was studied by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) method. The effect of apoptosis on exposure to aforementioned extracts was observed with help of nuclear staining assays and western blotting techniques. Apoptosis was confirmed by nuclear staining using acridine orange ethidium bromide (Ao/EtBr), while pro- and anti-apoptotic cells expressions analysis was conducted using western blotting. All extracts showed cytotoxicity on lung carcinoma cell line, wherein, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts showed up to 48.6±3.8% and 51.7±1.7% viability at 250µg/mL concentration. Up regulation of pro-apoptotic gene expressions like Caspase-3 and inhibition of anti-apoptotic gene expression like Bcl-2 was observed after 24h. An inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 220.01 µg/mL was obtained for the ethyl acetate extract. When observed under fluorescence microscope, stained cells showed an orange red color in the nuclei, indicating the ethyl acetate extract had induced apoptosis potentially for 24 h exposure cells expression, when compared with control cells. The results show that the ethyl acetate extracts were efficient in inhibiting the A549 cell line under in vitro condition, suggesting this extract can be further used as a potential chemotherapy drug.

Nutritional Agonists of PPAR-γ: An Immunomodulatory Approach to Control Cytokine Storm in Covid19 Patients

Recent examinations express that multi organ failure is seen in Corona virus infected patients with different pathway. It has been shown in contemplates that increased levels of cytokines like IL-1B and INF gamma were observed. It is called as cytokine storm with higher convergences of CCL2 and CXCL10. The cytokine storm is trailed by our immune system attacking own body which thus may cause numerous organ abnormalities and conclusive outcome being death. There is currently no specific treatment for viral illness, and this methodology is an optional path for focusing on specific qualities that may diminish cytokine storm. In such manner Peroxisome Proliferators Activated Receptors (PPARs) have a place with group of transcription factors which are known to manage the inflammatory mechanisms in body. This immunomodulatory approach is intended to focus PPAR-gamma ligands and their molecular docking studies. The activation or increased expression levels of PPAR gamma because of chosen agonists may reduce the cytokine storm in the covid patients. Thus, this is one such fascinating way to deal with neutralization of the cytokines exorbitantly elevated by use of substances like pomegranate, lemon grass and so on to activate PPARs reliably.

Physical localization of 45S rDNA in Cymbopogon and the analysis of differential distribution of rDNA in homologous chromosomes of Cymbopogon winterianus

Cymbopogon, commonly known as lemon grass, is one of the most important aromatic grasses having therapeutic and medicinal values. FISH signals on somatic chromosome spreads off Cymbopogon species indicated the localization of 45S rDNA on the terminal region of short arms of a chromosome pair. A considerable interspecific variation in the intensity of 45S rDNA hybridization signals was observed in the cultivars of Cymbopogon winterianus and Cymbopogon flexuosus. Furthermore, in all the varieties of C. winterianus namely Bio-13, Manjari and Medini, a differential distribution of 45S rDNA was observed in a heterologous pair of chromosomes 1. The development of C. winterianus var. Manjari through gamma radiation may be responsible for breakage of fragile rDNA site from one of the chromosomes of this heterologous chromosome pair. While, in other two varieties of C. winterianus (Bio-13 and Medini), this variability may be because of evolutionary speciation due to natural cross among two species of Cymbopogon which was fixed through clonal propagation. However, in both the situations these changes were fixed by vegetative method of propagation which is general mode of reproduction in the case of C. winterianus.

Anti-termite activities of Indonesia’s essential oils against invasive drywood termite for wood product protection

The Indo-Malayan drywood termite, Cryptotermes cynocephalus (Light) (Kalotermitidae), is considered one of the most invasive drywood termites in the Southeast Asian region. Once infesting a timber, the colony of a drywood termite is very difficult to be controlled. Thus, the best way to mitigate a new infestation of a drywood termite is by applying chemical protection on wood. In recent years, particular attention has been given by researchers to develop and use organic termiticides, such as essential oils extracted from plants as active ingredients. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the repellency performance of several economically important essential oils from Indonesia, such as Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata), Cubeb Pepper (Piper cubeba L), and Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) against a drywood termite, C. cynocephalus. The test was performed by subjecting various concentrations of essential oil toward C. cynocephalus in the force-feeding test method. Sample weight-loss was evaluated after two weeks test. The results suggested that Clove oil has the highest repellence performance against C. cynocephalus, followed by Lemon Grass and Cubeb Pepper oils. The Termite mortality rate was also recorded to understand the toxicity performance of those essential oils.

Formulation and evaluation of dry herbal powder shampoo

Shampoos are used not only for cleansing purpose but also for imparting gloss to hair and to maintain their manageability and oiliness for hair. Shampoos are of various types, like powder shampoo, clear liquid shampoo liquid shampoo, lotion shampoo, solid gel shampoo, medicated shampoo, liquid herbal shampoo etc. As far as herbal shampoos are concerned in stability criteria. Depending upon the nature of the ingredients they may be simple or plain shampoo, antiseptic or antidandruff.In the present work the herbal shampoo powder has been developed, by using traditional drugs for hair care. The preparation were formulated using Onion Powder, Rose Petal, Lemon Grass, Flaxseed or Linseed, Hirda, Bahera, Black tea, Brahmni, Triphala, Bhringraj, Ginger Root, Ashwagadha, Shikakai, Feenu greek, Shatavari, Heena, Wala, Aloevera Powder, Nirgudi Powder, Bavachi, Jatha mansi, Tulsi, Neem, Hibiscus Flower, and Retha evaluated for organoleptic properties, powder characteristics, foam test and physical evaluation.The physicochemical evaluation of the formulated shampoo showed ideal results. However, to improve its quality, product performance, and safety, further development and study was required.