Investigation of Structures of Sintered Processed Fly Ash Materials: Resources of Industrial Wastes

The aim of the work is to use industrial waste as resource materials for formulating useful product for society. Materials are prepared using Fly ash as main ingredient through sintered process via solid state route. Different materials are prepared using various sintering temperature. The crystal structural and phases are explored by XRD analysis. Mulite phase are investigated, which is indicated the insulating properties of the materials. Surface topography of the prepared materials is analyzed by FESEM characterization. EDS analysis is also done during the FESEM characterization and is assessed the various chemical compositions. Identification of different chemical groups in the processed Fly Ash is carried out by FTIR analysis. Highest electrical resistivity is estimated and is found to be 35.1 MΩ, which indicates the very good insulating property.

Characterization of PVA-Enzyme Coated Indicator Electrodes GA coated again with PVC-KTpClPB-o-NPOE UV-Vis analysis, variable signal analysis, sensor sensitivity and SEM-EDS

This study aims to characterize the phosphate buffer and urease enzymes through UV-Vis and SEM-EDS absorbance spectra using tungsten as an indicator electrode. The method used is a potentiometric biosensor with urease enzyme immobilization technique for urea analyte. A small detection range of 10-5-10-4M has been studied with PVA-enzyme coated indicator electrodes coated with PVC-KTpClPB. On this basis, the researchers increased the detection range by analyzing glutaraldehyde (GA) mixed with PVA-enzyme and o-NPOE mixed with PVC-KTpClPB. The best results of GA mixed PVA-enzyme at GA2.9% UV-Visible analysis. The best results were PVA-enzyme coated indicator electrodes coated with GA coated again with PVC-KTpClPB-o-NPOE SEM-EDS analysis on PVA-enzyme samples 3x coated with GA 1x and PVC-KTpClPB-o-NPOE 1x with o-NPOE variation of 61% and 66%.

Historical and SEM-EDS Analysis of a 14th-16th Century Triangular Crucible from Sandomierz, Poland

The collection of the District Museum in Sandomierz holds a previously unidentified and unpublished triangular ceramic crucible. After at least fifty years since its acquisition, it was possible to obtain detailed information about its chemical composition and presumed use in the past. Based on analogies from Central Europe, it is possible to date it typologically to the 14th-16th centuries. The stamp mark on the bottom of the crucible points to Tulln in Austria as the place of its origin. The SEM-EDS analysis revealed the presence of graphite in the ceramic mass of the vessel as well as carbon and iron compounds on its inner wall, which indicates its possible use in the production of steel by carburising of iron.

Automated SEM/EDS Analysis for Assessment of Trace Cross-Contamination in 316L Stainless Steel Powders

Following observations of microcracking in two, out of three, Additive manufactured (AM) 316L steel samples, an investigation was undertaken to ascertain the root cause. Welding diagrams, taking into account composition and process parameters, could not generally account for the experimental observations of non-cracked versus cracked AM 316L samples. EBSD phase maps in all three AM samples exhibited a fully austenitic microstructure not only in the bulk sample but also near-surface. Analysis of microcracked regions in the AM samples showed the presence of local enrichment of Ni, Cu and P. Automated SEM/EDS analysis on feedstock powder samples prepared for cross-section examination revealed a fine, foreign particulate contaminant, expected to arise from NiCrCuP alloy cross-contamination during atomization, to be completely embedded in a 316L powder particle. This type of contamination would not have been revealed on examination of powder mounted onto a SEM stub, a common approach to assess powder quality. Based on this analysis, it is recommended to consider including automated SEM/EDS analysis on powder cross-sections in any standardization protocol for quality control of powders, to increase the chances of detection and identification of fine cross-contaminants. It is also recommended that atomization of NiCrCuP alloy should no longer precede atomization of 316L alloy.

X-ray computed tomography (CT) and ESEM-EDS investigations of unusual subfossilized juniper cones

Recent investigations of a Greco-Roman site at Sais have provided well-preserved archaeobotanical remains within a pile of metal fragments. The remains are compared with comparable modern taxa. The morphology and anatomy are studied using Light microscope (LM), Environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and X-ray computed tomography (CT). To investigate the preservation mode, Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and elemental mapping are conducted. Results revealed that the archaeobotanical remains are exhibiting close affinity with modern juniper cones. Although, the studied archaeobotanical remains are buried for more than 2 millenniums, they underwent early stages of silicification and copper mineralization. These results are discussed in relation to other excavated objects in the find and to our knowledge and understanding of daily life in the Greco-Roman period.

Degradation of Acid Red 1 Catalyzed by Peroxidase Activity of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Detected by SERS

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) were synthesized using tannic acid and characterized by Raman, FTIR, UV, and DRX spectroscopy. In a heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction, the catalytic peroxidase-like activity of MIONPs in the degradation of Acid Red 1 (AR 1) dye was investigated. TEM/STEM was used to determine the quasi-spherical morphology and particle size (3.2 nm) of the synthesized MIONPs. The XRD powder patterns were indexed according to the reverse spinel structure of magnetite, and SEM-EDS analysis confirmed their chemical composition. At pH = 3.5, the decomposition of H2O2 in hydroxyl radicals by MIONPs results in high AR 1 degradation (99%). This behavior was attributed to the size and surface properties of the MIONPs. Finally, the Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) technique detected intermediary compounds in the degradation process.

Surface Phenomena at the Interface between Silicon Carbide and Iron Alloy

The paper discusses a potential composite produced using the casting method, where the matrix is gray cast iron with flake graphite. The reinforcement is provided by granular carborundum (β-SiC). The article presents model studies aimed at identifying the phenomena at the contact boundary resulting from the interaction of the liquid matrix with solid reinforcement particles. The scope of the research included, primarily, the metallographic analysis of the microstructure of the resulting composite, carried out by using light (LOM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The occurrence of metallic phases in the boundary zone was indicated, the contents and morphology of which can be optimized in order to achieve favorable functional properties, mainly the tribological properties of the composite. In addition, the results obtained confirm the possibility of producing similar composites based on selected iron alloys.

On the tribology of complex 2D/3D composites bearing

In the present work, a hierarchical braided polymer composite consists of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibers, reinforcement fibers, and epoxy resin was designed as a self-lubricant composite and bearing. Different reinforcements such as glass, carbon, and Kevlar fibers were employed to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the wear characteristics of composites. Besides, the influence of 2D/3D braid fabric was examined on the wear behavior of samples. Also, 90 and 120 N loads were applied to assess the load impact. Results illustrated that compared to glass and Kevlar, carbon could lead to a greater wear weight loss and friction coefficient. However, PTFE tribofilm was observed according to scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Moreover, with the increase of load, the wear stability of the composites faded significantly. Furthermore, the tribological features became inappropriate with the deployment of the 3D braid structure. Finally, the modeling of tribological parameters was carried out using response surface methodology-based D-optimal design. The adequacy of the models was checked by analysis of variance. Results implied that there is an excellent correlation between the model and the experiments.

Ytterbium impulse laser for surface modification of tool steel with B4C-Al powders

The paper deals with a new application solution of Ytterbium Picosecond Pulsed Fiber Laser for surface modification of 3Kh2V8F hot-work tool steel (the analog of AISI H21 steel). Surface modification was conducted by B4C-Al powders from preplaced pastes followed by laser heating. The ratio of B4C-Al powders was taken as 5/1 by weight and the paste thickness was approximately 1 mm. Laser treatment was conducted according to the following parameters: 1070 nm of wavelength, 100 W of power, 1 mJ of pulse energy, 100 ns pulse duration, pulse frequency range from 50 kHz to 90 kHz. Several tracks with different widths were obtained as a result of treatment depending on velocity of the laser move. EDS analysis showed that B4C particles were not completely dissolved in the weld beads. However, an enhanced concentration of boron (8-12 wt.%) was revealed in the vicinity of B4C particles. The aluminum concentration was low (up to 0.79 wt.%) on the surface of the weld beads.