Structure and Properties of the di- ((2S) -2-amino-3- (1H-indol-3-yl)propionate)-dihydro-tetraiodide

New organic iodine complex in the amino acid - alkali metal salt - iodine - water systemwas synthesized. The physico-chemical properties of complexdi- ((2S) -2-amino-3- (1H-indol-3-yl) propionate)-dihydro-tetraiodide were studied. Microscopic analysis shows that particles of complex have elongated needle-like linear stick-like shapes with average size 2.50-4.00 µm. The cytotoxicity test on MDCK cell culture, antimicrobial activity on S. aureus ATCC 6538-Р (museum susceptible strain); S. aureus ATCC-BAA-39 (museum multiresistant strain); E. coli ATCC 8739 (museum susceptible strain); E. coli ATCC-BAA-196 (museum multiresistant strain); P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 (museum susceptible strain); P. aeruginosa TA2were observed. Complex has low cytotoxicity, direct antiviral effect, and antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms. Di- ((2S) -2-amino-3- (1H-indol-3-yl) propionate)-dihydro-tetraiodide does not cause any mutagenic effect on mammalian cells of the L5178Y line, both in the presence and in the absence of metabolic activation.

Assessment of the Effect of Process Conditions and Material Characteristics of Alkali Metal Salt-Promoted MgO-Based Sorbents on Their CO2 Capture Performance

CO₂ capture using alkali metal salt (AMS)-promoted MgO-based sorbents at intermediate temperatures (300 – 500 °C) has gained increased interest recently. The prospects of such materials for CO₂ capture were assessed in this work. We investigated the most reactive MgO-based sorbents that have been reported in the literature, i.e., MgO promoted with a combination of various AMS (incl. NaNO₃, LiNO₃, K₂CO₃ and Na₂CO₃), and examined how particle size (from powder to pelletized 500 μm particles) and reaction conditions (calcination/carbonation temperature, and partial pressure of CO₂) affect the cyclic CO₂ uptake using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at ambient pressure. The TGA results showed that the CO₂ uptake of the sorbents decreased significantly after pelletization, losing 74 % of its initial capacity. However, the CO₂ uptake capacity of the pelletized sorbents continued to increase over 100 cycles and reached a value (~ 0.46 g_CO2/g_sorbent) close to that of the powdery sample (~ 0.53 g_CO2/g_sorbent). Analysis via X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and N₂ physisorption suggests that the increase in CO₂ uptake was related to a change of the nature of the alkali species within the molten phase that is reflected by their re-crystallization behavior when cooling them down to room temperature, and appeared to be affected by the CO₂ partial pressure present during carbonation. Finally, the CO₂ capture performance of the best-performing sorbents was evaluated in a packed bed reactor, in order to assess whether the most reactive sorbents are capable of removing a significant amount of CO₂ from a gas stream at ambient pressure. The CO₂ uptake of the sorbents in the packed bed experiments was very close to that in the TGA experiments; however, the CO₂ capture efficiency was less than 10 %, which currently appears too low for an industrial post-combustion CO₂ capture process to be viable. New material developments should not only focus on improving the rate of formation of MgCO₃ from MgO, but also assess whether CO₂ removal with such sorbents is actually feasible.

Assessment of the Effect of Process Conditions and Material Characteristics of Alkali Metal Salt-Promoted MgO-Based Sorbents on Their CO2 Capture Performance

CO₂ capture using alkali metal salt (AMS)-promoted MgO-based sorbents at intermediate temperatures (300 – 500 °C) has gained increased interest recently. The prospects of such materials for CO₂ capture were assessed in this work. We investigated the most reactive MgO-based sorbents that have been reported in the literature, i.e., MgO promoted with a combination of various AMS (incl. NaNO₃, LiNO₃, K₂CO₃ and Na₂CO₃), and examined how particle size (from powder to pelletized 500 μm particles) and reaction conditions (calcination/carbonation temperature, and partial pressure of CO₂) affect the cyclic CO₂ uptake using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at ambient pressure. The TGA results showed that the CO₂ uptake of the sorbents decreased significantly after pelletization, losing 74 % of its initial capacity. However, the CO₂ uptake capacity of the pelletized sorbents continued to increase over 100 cycles and reached a value (~ 0.46 g_CO2/g_sorbent) close to that of the powdery sample (~ 0.53 g_CO2/g_sorbent). Analysis via X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and N₂ physisorption suggests that the increase in CO₂ uptake was related to a change of the nature of the alkali species within the molten phase that is reflected by their re-crystallization behavior when cooling them down to room temperature, and appeared to be affected by the CO₂ partial pressure present during carbonation. Finally, the CO₂ capture performance of the best-performing sorbents was evaluated in a packed bed reactor, in order to assess whether the most reactive sorbents are capable of removing a significant amount of CO₂ from a gas stream at ambient pressure. The CO₂ uptake of the sorbents in the packed bed experiments was very close to that in the TGA experiments; however, the CO₂ capture efficiency was less than 10 %, which currently appears too low for an industrial post-combustion CO₂ capture process to be viable. New material developments should not only focus on improving the rate of formation of MgCO₃ from MgO, but also assess whether CO₂ removal with such sorbents is actually feasible.

Microwave-assisted Claisen Rearrangement of 1-Allyloxy-4-hydroxybenzene in the Presence of Metal Salt

: Microwave-assisted Claisen rearrangement of allyloxybenzene with a hydroxyl group was conducted in the presence of metal salts. The rearrangement was promoted in the presence of an alkali metal salt, because the reaction substrate was converted to a phenoxide-type ion, which can efficiently absorb microwaves. In contrast, a Lewis acid was strongly coordinated to the ethereal oxygen, and this structure could also absorb microwaves efficiently.

Study on Tensile Creep Behavior of 12Cr1MoV Alloy Steel under High-Temperature Alkali Metal Salt Environment for Solar Thermal Power Generation

The heat exchange tubes of solar thermal power generation work in molten salt environment with periodic temperature change. In order to reveal the tensile creep behavior of 12Cr1MoV pipeline steel under high-temperature alkali metal salt environment, the tensile creep behavior of 12Cr1MoV alloy under different applied load and reaction temperature in high-temperature alkali metal chloride salt environment was studied. The results show that the deformation of 12Cr1MoV alloy in 600°C, NaCl-35%KCl mixed salt environment is mainly controlled by diffusion creep; with the increase of stress, the creep life of 12Cr1MoV alloy decreases. The creep fracture mechanism of 12Cr1MoV alloy in 600°C, NaCl-35%KCl mixed salt environment is intergranular ductile fracture; the increase of temperature will enhance the activation and oxidation of the chlorine atoms, thereby accelerating the corrosion of the base metal and increasing the spheroidization speed of the pearlite matrix, and the creep deformation rate of the alloy increases with increasing temperature.