Self-Doping and the Mott-Kondo Scenario for Infinite-Layer Nickelate Superconductors

We give a brief review of the Mott-Kondo scenario and its consequence in the recently-discovered infinite-layer nickelate superconductors. We argue that the parent state is a self-doped Mott insulator and propose an effective t- J-K model to account for its low-energy properties. At small doping, the model describes a low carrier density Kondo system with incoherent Kondo scattering at finite temperatures, in good agreement with experimental observation of the logarithmic temperature dependence of electric resistivity. Upon increasing Sr doping, the model predicts a breakdown of the Kondo effect, which provides a potential explanation of the non-Fermi liquid behavior of the electric resistivity with a power law scaling over a wide range of the temperature. Unconventional superconductivity is shown to undergo a transition from nodeless (d+is)-wave to nodal d-wave near the critical doping due to competition of the Kondo and Heisenberg superexchange interactions. The presence of different pairing symmetry may be supported by recent tunneling measurements.

The Right to Self-Determination of Modern Secessionist Movements under International Law

States’ boundaries have changed to a large extent over the course of time, in fact, the world has not always been the same as nowadays. In place of archaic forms of social organisation, the universal order has appeared where determinate and inviolable borders play a crucial role in ensuring the stability of states and resisting separatist movements. At the same time, secessionist movements throughout the world continually aim to gain independence from the ‘parent’ state invoking the right to self-determination. In this paper, the researcher will examine whether a part of the population of a state or a sub-unit of that state has a right to secede and create a new state and/or integrate into another. The article consists of a strong theoretical part dealing with statehood, self-determination and secession with a view of the dynamic development of these notions since the rapid birth of many new states as a result of decolonization. Thereafter, the validity of the gathered results will be verified by a comparative analysis of the cases of Kosovo, Crimea and Catalonia with regard to the historical background of these secessionist entities.

A Multi-Method Approach to Understand Parent Behaviors During Child Acute Pain

Parent behaviors strongly predict child responses to acute pain; less studied are the factors shaping parent behaviors. Heart rate variability (HRV) is considered a physiological correlate of emotional responding. Resting or “trait” HRV is indicative of the capacity for emotion regulation, while momentary changes or “state” HRV is reflective of current emotion regulatory efforts. This study aimed to examine: (1) parent state HRV as a contributor to parent verbal behaviors before and during child pain and (2) parent trait HRV as a moderator between parent emotional states (anxiety, catastrophizing) and parent behaviors. Children 7–12 years of age completed the cold pressor task (CPT) in the presence of a primary caregiver. Parents rated their state anxiety and catastrophizing about child pain. Parent HRV was examined at 30-second epochs at rest (“trait HRV”), before (“state HRV-warm”), and during their child’s CPT (“state HRV-cold”). Parent behaviors were video recorded and coded as coping-promoting or distress-promoting. Thirty-one parents had complete cardiac, observational, and self-report data. A small to moderate negative correlation emerged between state HRV-cold and CP behaviors during CPT. Trait HRV moderated the association between parent state catastrophizing and distress-promoting behaviors. Parents experiencing state catastrophizing were more likely to engage in distress-promoting behavior if they had low trait HRV. This novel work suggests parents who generally have a low (vs. high) HRV, reflective of low capacity for emotion regulation, may be at risk of engaging in behaviors that increase child distress when catastrophizing about their child’s pain.

Forecasting secessions though mathematical modeling

The article outlines and discusses the universal mathematical model created by the author and allowing to predict scenarios for post-Soviet secessions and, more broadly, to forecast secession potentials of any complex subnational regional units. The objects of forecasting are de facto states and different kinds of polities with failed statehood, analyzed through the prism of the “parent state – secession – patron state” triangle. The main research method is quantification of secession factors, which enables a researcher to measure the impacts of objective and subjective conditions on the course and results of secessions through the use of specific variables and indicators. As described in mathematical terms, the model has two extremes: “ideal secession” and “ideal anti-secession”.

Superconductivity, correlated insulators, and Wess–Zumino–Witten terms in twisted bilayer graphene

Recent experiments on twisted bilayer graphene have shown a high-temperature parent state with massless Dirac fermions and broken electronic flavor symmetry; superconductivity and correlated insulators emerge from this parent state at lower temperatures. We propose that the superconducting and correlated insulating orders are connected by Wess–Zumino–Witten terms, so that defects of one order contain quanta of another order and skyrmion fluctuations of the correlated insulator are a “mechanism” for superconductivity. We present a comprehensive listing of plausible low-temperature orders and the parent flavor symmetry-breaking orders. The previously characterized topological nature of the band structure of twisted bilayer graphene plays an important role in this analysis.

Introduction

This introductory chapter lays out the case of Somaliland and the role of international intervention within the region’s troubled history. Somalilanders’ historically grounded fear about the velocity of war—and the irrelevance of international actors to containing its spread—is foregrounded such that in times of crisis, mobilizing for political violence is largely bracketed out as a viable, or perhaps even logical, course of action. The chapter briefly lays the groundwork for this case study by delving into the history of Somaliland with respect to its parent state, the Republic of Somalia. It notes the unusual divergence in the levels of violence experienced by Somaliland and the Republic of Somalia since the 1990s. In addition to Somaliland’s history, the chapter also lays out the methodology for conducting Somaliland’s case study as well as the impact of discourse literature upon the study.

The state-as-parent: reframing parent‐child relations in Rwanda

This article attempts to think across and beyond the fields of childhood studies and parenting culture studies by employing postcolonial, relational and temporal lenses to explore child‐parent‐state relations and how these relations have been constructed, represented and enacted over time. Using the case study of Rwanda, we suggest that the phenomenon of state-as-parent functions symbolically and instrumentally to establish state legitimacy and national unity in the aftermath of the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi, informed by both the specificities of the Rwandan historical and current contexts, as well as transnational discourses on childhood and parenting. Furthermore, we argue that plural, coexisting and conflicting temporalities are at play in the reframing and reworking of state‐parent‐child relations, which are also a site for the generation of subaltern forms of temporality to contest the overarching narrative of state-as-parent.

Little Rusian Identity and its Fatures in Social Life of Ukraine in the Beginning of the XX Century

The article describes current and long-lasting issue of little Russian identity in Ukrainian society. It is shown in demonstration of suffering, looking for people, who are responsible for their powerlessness. Nowadays it has all become a necessary factor. Little Russian identity is a disease which destroys intellect and national instinct. Little Russian identity is a special mental approach, which embodies deep inner dependence from an empire, and also subconscious fear of it. People who have such identity behave as the former empire is their eternal parent state, with which they constantly check their assessments, mood, perception. It remains an eternal reference point for them. That is why the bearer of little Russian identity is always a person who has inferiority complex. At the beginning of the twentieth century nationally conscious Ukrainians made a big blow to it, but it remained due to big impact it has on social conscience. Years has passed, political regimes changed, bu their essence remained the same – little Russian identity. Lots of representatives of the movement for Ukrainian national liberation grappled with it, but it demonstrates its survivability. The task of this article is to investigate the issue of little Russian identity at the beginning of the twentieth century, how exactly did it influence on the development of Ukrainian lands and what constituted an obstacle for Ukrainians to get rid of its influence.

The Complex Knot between Sovereignty of States and Secession in International Law: Evidence from Around the World

It is interesting to note that international law doesn't talk about the secession of any group from the parent state in express words. However, at the same time, it doesn't deny people's right to self-determination too. Despite all this ambiguity about secession in international law, state dissolution hasn't stopped. This secession is justified on two strands of theoretical arguments. The first one suggests that it is everyone's fundamental right to live or not to live in a particular state by forming a state of their own. The second one suggests that if a state commits atrocities on a particular community, and the victims exhaust all legal and democratic means to emancipate themselves and their community, they can resort to secession and separation from the parent state in the last resort. However, secession on such grounds is covered by norms and provisions of international law in the post-colonial world.