This paper is dedicated to investigating the situation and the evolution of a traditional sector of the national economy � the Romanian Chemical Production Sector (SRPC). The authors take on macrostatistical approaches regarding the evolution of the respective sector in the recent period, given the integration of the Romanian economy into that of the European Union. In a very synthetic way, we also refer to the development of this sector, which it experienced during the centralized economy of Romania (before 1989), contrary to those that followed after 1990, as a result of erroneous decisions at the macroeconomic level. Also, using highly accurate/credible data and information (NIS, CEFIC, etc.), we outline an image of the current European chemical industry, in terms of economy and international trade � which ranks second in total world sales (by about 17%), while the USA contributes 14%; even though it is globally competitive, China`s trade pressure is exacerbating innovation processes in this important EU sector. Finally, given that this approach also includes the indication of critical elements/difficulties, we present some proposals to improve the situation, proposals that we consider as relevant as possible.