Development of an automated system for adaptive post-weld treatment and quality inspection of linear welds

High-frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) treatment is a well-documented post-weld treatment to improve the fatigue life of welds. Treatment of the weld toe must be performed by a skilled operator due to the curved and inconsistent nature of the weld toe to ensure an acceptable quality. However, the process is characterised by noise and vibrations; hence, manual treatment should be avoided for extended periods of time. This work proposes an automated system for applying robotised 3D scanning to perform post-weld treatment and quality inspection of linear welds. A 3D scan of the weld is applied to locally determine the gradient and curvature across the weld surface to locate the weld toe. Based on the weld toe position, an adaptive robotic treatment trajectory is generated that accurately follows the curvature of the weld toe and adapts tool orientation to the weld profile. The 3D scan is reiterated after the treatment, and the surface gradient and curvature are further applied to extract the quantitative measures of the treatment, such as weld toe radius, indentation depth, and groove deviation and width. The adaptive robotic treatment is compared experimentally to manual and linear robotic treatment. This is done by treating 600-mm weld toe of each treatment type and evaluating the quantitative measures using the developed system. The results showed that the developed system reduced the overall treatment variance by respectively 26.6% and 31.9%. Additionally, a mean weld toe deviation of 0.09 mm was achieved; thus, improving process stability yet minimising human involvement.

Development of a Reliable Vibration Based Health Indicator for Monitoring the Lubricating Condition of the Toggle Clamping System of a Plastic Injection Molding Machine

Plastic injection molding has become one of the most widely used polymer processing methods due to its ability to viably produce large volumes of complex parts in a short time frame. Most of the plastic injection molding machines currently used in industry possess a toggle clamping mechanism that undergoes a repeated clamping and unclamping cycle during operation. This toggle must therefore be properly lubricated to avoid catastrophic failure and eventual machine downtime. To overcome this limitation, the industry currently relies on the experience of a skilled operator, paired with a fixed empirical value, to determine the timing for re-lubrication. This method often leads to the machine operator either wasting lubricant by over-lubricating the toggle, or damaging the toggle by failing to re-lubricate when needed. Herein, we explore the use of vibration analysis to perform real-time condition monitoring of the lubrication condition of the toggle clamping system. In this study, our novel structural response analysis out performed both traditional time domain and frequency domain analyses in isolating the vibrational signatures indicative of lubricant degradation. Additionally, this study confirms that the vibration generated during the unclamping period of the toggle, proved to contain more valuable information relevant to the instantaneous lubricant quality than provided by its corresponding clamping period.

ELN IMDS Flow Working Group Validation of the Monocyte Assay for Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Diagnosis By Flow Cytometry

Introduction It was proposed that peripheral blood (PB) monocyte subset analysis evaluated by flow cytometry, hereafter referred to as "monocyte assay", could rapidly and efficiently distinguish chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) from other causes of monocytosis by highlighting an increase in the classical monocyte (cMo) fraction above 94%. However, the robustness of this assay required a large multicenter validation. Methods PB and/or bone marrow (BM) samples from adult patients displaying monocytosis were assessed with the "monocyte assay" by ten ELN iMDS Flow working group centers (6 equipped with BD FACSCanto™ II (BD Biosciences), 3 with Navios™ (Beckman Coulter) and one with BD™ LSRII (BD Biosciences)) with harmonized protocols. The corresponding files were reanalyzed in a blind fashion by a skilled operator and the cMo (CD14 ++CD16 -) percentages obtained by both analyses were compared. Information regarding age, gender, complete blood count, marrow cytomorphology, cytogenetics and molecular analysis was collected. Confirmed diagnoses were collected when available as well as follow-up for CMML patients. Results The comparison between cMo percentages from 267 PB files provided by the 10 centers and the centralized cMo percentages showed a good global significant correlation (r=0.88; p<0.0001; FigA) with no bias (FigB). Confirmed diagnoses were available for 212 files, namely 101 CMML according to the WHO criteria, 99 reactive monocytosis, and 12 MPN with monocytosis. A phenotype in favor of CMML, either classical with accumulation of cMo ≥94% or a bulbous aspect (FigC), was observed respectively in 81 and 14 patients. Hence, a total of 95 out of the 101 CMML patients translated into a sensitivity of 94% (FigD). Assessment of C reactive protein counts were available in seven of the 14 patients with the characteristic bulbous profile and correlated with an inflammatory state, showing a median of 93.0 [7.0-157.4] mg/L. Conversely, a phenotype not in favor of CMML (FigC) was observed in 83 of the 99 patients with reactive monocytosis and in 10 of 12 patients with MPN with monocytosis, leading to a 84% specificity (FigD). We established a Receiver Operator Curve (ROC) and again obtained a 94% cut-off value of cMo with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.865 (FigE). The second aim of this multicenter study was to assess the feasibility of the monocyte assay on 117 BM samples provided by 7 out of the 10 ELN centers, 43 of which being paired to PB samples. The comparison between cMo percentages provided by the 7 centers and the centralized cMo percentages showed a lower global significant correlation compared to PB samples (r=0.74; p<0.0001; FigF) with a slight underestimation of cMo percentage by the participating centers (FigG). The comparison between PB and BM samples cMo% obtained by centralized reanalysis showed an excellent global correlation (r=0.93; p<0.0001; FigH) with a higher percentage in the marrow (FigI). Seventy-nine files were associated to a confirmed diagnosis, as expected mostly CMML (n=69), only seven reactive monocytosis and three MPN with monocytosis. Thus, we determined a sensitivity of the "monocyte assay" on BM samples of 87% (a phenotype in favor of CMML being observed in 60 out of the 69 CMML with 6 bulbous aspect profiles) and a specificity of 80% (a phenotype not in favor of CMML being observed in 5 of the 7 patients with reactive monocytosis and in 3 of the 3 patients with MPN with monocytosis). Conclusions This ELN multicenter study demonstrates the robustness of the monocyte assay with only limited variability of cMo percentages, validates the 94% cutoff value, confirms its high sensitivity and specificity in PB and finally, also confirms the possibility of its use in BM samples. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Kern: MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Other: Part ownership.

The improved automatic control points computation for the acoustic noise level audits

<p class="Abstract">The acoustic noise level in the interior is one of the quantities specified by a standard and is subject to audits to ensure a comfortable living environment. Currently, the noise level audits are performed manually by a skilled operator, who evaluates the floor plan and uses it to calculate the control points location in which the measurement is performed. The computation is proposed to automate the audit by formulating an optimisation problem for which an algorithm was designed. The algorithm computes the solution that satisfies all constraints specified in the standard, for example, the minimum distance among the control points and fixed obstacles (walls or columns). In the proposed optimisation problem, the fitness function was designed based on the measurement purpose, and two typical use-cases were analysed: (i) long-term stationary noise measurement and (ii) recurring short-term noise measurement. Although the set of control points for both use cases complies with the given standard, it is beneficial to distinguish the location of control points based on the measurement purpose. The number of control points is maximised for the stationary noise and for the immediate coverage area for the short-term noise. The proposed algorithms were tested in a simulation for several floor plans of different complexity.</p>

Treatment of Iatrogenic Coronary Artery Dissection in Resource Constraint in Cath-Lab, A Retrospective Study

Introduction: Coronary Artery Dissection is a well-known serious complication of invasive procedures (e.g. coronary angiography, balloon angioplasty and surgical cardioplegia) and is due to mechanical injury of the arterial wall by interventional devices used during procedures needing skilled operator to manage it timely. Objective: We wanted to look at these large tears that can dramatically affect blood flow and result in severe complications to understand where they happen most and how efficient are we at managing them for our patients in limited resources of the Cath-labs in developing countries. Methods: We reviewed the record of 28 (3.4%) cases of large dissection found in 806 patients who underwent coronary angioplasty in Cath lab of Cardiology Department of Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi. We analyzed as per American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) criteria of the type of lesion, chronic total occlusion, calcification, intra-procedural dissection, and vessel site, related complications and management strategies. Results: Among the 806 patients that underwent per-cutaneous coronary intervention during 3 years (2014-2017) period at Cath-lab of Cardiology Department of Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi, 28 (3.4%) patients were found to have extensive dissection. Out of 10 patients who had immediate angioplasty and stenting for closure of dissection 8 patients were successfully treated and 2 (7.1) died during procedures. 8 (28.5%) needed immediate coronary artery bypass surgery. 10 (35.7%) out of the 28 (3.4%) patients were managed by further hospitalization with medical treatment out of them 3 patients needed angioplasty procedures. There were no late deaths. Conclusion: Coronary artery dissection remains a common occurrence during PCI since pre-stent procedures and clinical sequelae have been minimized by the routine use of coronary stents. Rapid recognition and attention to the angiographic appearance of the dissection is essential to the successful management of this complication. None the less, patients with extensive dissection who are free from the manifestation at the end of the procedure can be managed conservatively. Attempts should be made to stabilize extensive dissection during coronary angioplasty so that surgical intervention can be delayed or avoided altogether if possible.

Development of an Automated System for Adaptive Post-Weld Treatment and Quality Inspection of Linear Welds

High-frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) treatment is a well-documented post-weld treatment to improve the fatigue life of welds. Treatment of the weld toe must be performed by a skilled operator due to the curved and inconsistent nature of the weld toe to ensure an acceptable quality. However, the process is characterised by noise and vibrations; hence, manual treatment should be avoided for extended periods of time. This work proposes an automated system for applying robotised 3D scanning to perform post-weld treatment and quality inspection of linear welds. A 3D scan of the weld is applied to locally determine the gradient and curvature across the weld surface to locate the weld toe. Based on the weld toe position, an adaptive robotic treatment trajectory is generated that accurately follows the curvature of the weld toe and adapts tool orientation to the weld profile. The 3D scan is reiterated after the treatment, and the surface gradient and curvature are further applied to extract the quantitative measures of the treatment, such as groove radius, weld toe deviation, and indentation depth and width. The adaptive robotic treatment is compared experimentally to manual and linear robotic treatment. This is done by treating 600 mm weld toe of each treatment type and evaluating the quantitative measures using the developed system. The results showed that the developed system reduced the overall treatment variance by respectively 26.6 % and 31.9 %. Additionally, a mean weld toe deviation of 0.09 mm was achieved; thus, improving process stability yet minimising human involvement.

Comparison of Different Analytical Methods for the On-Site Analysis of Traces at Clandestine Drug Laboratories

While fast and reliable analytical results are crucial for first responders to make adequate decisions, these can be difficult to establish, especially at large-scale clandestine laboratories. To overcome this issue, multiple techniques at different levels of complexity are available. In addition to the level of complexity their information value differs as well. Within this publication, a comparison between three techniques that can be applied for on-site analysis is performed. These techniques range from ones with a simple yes or no response to sophisticated ones that allows to receive complex information about a sample. The three evaluated techniques are immunoassay drug tests representing easy to handle and fast to explain systems, ion mobility spectrometry as state-of-the-art equipment that needs training and experience prior to use and ambient pressure laser desorption with the need for a highly skilled operator as possible future technique that is currently under development. In addition to the measurement of validation parameters, real case samples are investigated to obtain practically relevant information about the capabilities and limitations of these techniques for on-site operations. Results demonstrate that in general all techniques deliver valid results, but the bandwidth of information widely varies between the investigated techniques.

A STUDY OF FETOMATERNAL OUTCOME OF INSTRUMENTAL VAGINAL DELIVERIES AT A RURAL TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN MANDYA DISTRICT KARNATAKA

Introduction: Giving birth can be a long and painful process and is not always a perfect one. Instrumental vaginal delivery is an art and provides a 1 temporal advantage over cesarean delivery. It is also an alternative procedure for delivery in emergency obstetrics. Instrumental vaginal delivery is an integral part of Obstetrics care world wide. The present study was carried out to evaluate the maternal and neonatal outcome in operative/assisted vaginal delivery. Method: We performed a retrospective observational study of women with singleton term pregnancies who underwent operative vaginal delivery at Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences. The study was conducted between August 2019 to August 2020 for the duration of 1 year and the data was accrued from patient database retrospectively and was entered in Microsoft Excel (Version 16.4) for Windows. Results: During the study period, 95 patients underwent Instrumental Vaginal Delivery, of which 74 were vacuum assisted and 21 were forceps nd delivery. The most common indication for Operative vaginal delivery was failure of maternal efforts followed by prolong 2 stage of labour in vacuum group and severe pre-eclampsia in forceps group. Vacuum was used more often than forceps for most of the deliveries. Maternal st nd complication like 1 and 2 degree perineal tear were seen more often with the use of forceps. Instrument marks and bruising were found in the neonates delivered by forceps and a greater incidence of cephalohaematomas and caput in the neonates delivered with vacuum. Conclusion: A successful instrumental vaginal delivery can be achieved with lesser maternal and neonatal morbidity with timely assessment of labour and skilled operator. The overall rate of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality vary by indication and operative instrument. Women who underwent forceps-assisted delivery had greater rates of maternal complications than those who underwent vacuum-assisted delivery

European Resuscitation Council guidelines 2021: Adult advanced life support changes related to the guidelines 2015

Adult advanced life support guidelines 2021 provided by the European Resuscitation Council in its largest extent do not differ significantly from equivalent guidelines published six years ago. However, some important points were further emphasized, and some protocols show new additions and structural changes. According to the new guidelines, there is a greater recognition that patients with both in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have premonitory signs, and that many of these arrests may be preventable. High-quality chest compressions with minimal interruption, early defibrillation, and treatment of reversible causes remained high priority steps in resuscitation process. New guidelines also recommend that, if an advanced airway is required, rescuers with a high tracheal intubation success rate should use this technique. With regard to using diagnostic procedures, medications, and special methods of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, newest guidelines also made new suggestions. According to these guidelines, when adrenaline is used, it should be used as soon as possible when the cardiac arrest rhythm is non-shockable, and after three defibrillation attempts for a shockable cardiac arrest rhythm. The guidelines recognise the increasing role of point-of-care ultrasound in peri-arrest care for diagnosis, but emphasis that it requires a skilled operator, and the need to minimise interruptions during chest compression. Additionally, 2015 guidelines suggested use of point-of-care ultrasound in diagnosing several various conditions with potential of causing cardiac arrest. However, 2021 guidelines limited indications in diagnosing only cardiac causes, such as tamponade or pneumothorax. The guidelines also reflect the increasing evidence for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation as a rescue therapy for selected patients with cardiac arrest when conventional advanced life support measures are failing or to facilitate specific interventions. Additionally, newest guidelines made significant changes in the order of steps used in the In/hospital resuscitation algorithm, as well as changes in several very important steps of treating tachycardias and high heart rate associated arrhythmias.

Operator 4.0 Within the Framework of Industry 4.0

Operator 4.0 is a smart and skilled operator who augments the symbiosis between intelligent machines and operators. Better integration of Operator 4.0 in Industry 4.0 can bring emphasis on human-centric approach, allowing for a paradigm shift towards a human-automation cooperation for inspiring the compulsion of human-in-the-loop. This further enhances the domain knowledge for the improvement of human cyber-physical systems for new generation automated systems. This cooperation of humans and automation makes stability in socio-technical systems with smart automation and human-machine interfacing technologies. This chapter discusses the design principles of Industry 4.0 and Operator 4.0 human-cyber physical systems.