INVOLVEMENT OF WASTE FROM OIL AND GAS FIELDS IN TECHNOGENIC SOILS AND GROUND CONCRETE

The article considers the system of differentiation of oil and gas fields for the application of the technology of waste entrainment in man-made soils and soil-concrete on the territory of the plant. It names the indicators for which the mathematical analysis of the parameters by the principal component analyses is used. As a result, the analysis of the deposits of the Samara region was carried out. The universality of the new method is proven.

Using the mineral component of building refuse in heavy metals sorption from their mixture

The sorption properties of the sand-breakstone mixture based on the mineral component of building refuse of the 0-10 mm fraction with respect to Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ ions were studied using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The mechanisms of accumulation of heavy metal ions on the surface of the mixture particles are described. It was found that after washing the contaminated material distilled water, the residual concentration of metals in the filtrate does not exceed the established sanitary and hygienic standards. The practical value of the work lies in the possibility of applying the results in reclamation of technogenic formations or production of materials for the technical stage of reclamation using technogenic soils.

GARLAND CHRYSANTHEMUM IS A PROMISING NEW MEDICINAL PLANT

A brief overview of the relevance of using garland chrysanthemum (Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach syn. Chrysanthemum coronarium (L.)) as a raw material in the preparation of medicaments is introduced in this article. High content of micro- and macroelements (K, Na, Ca, P, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, J) was found in garland chrysanthemum, as well as other biologically active compounds, of which anthraquinones (emodin, chrysophanol), flavonoids (quercetin, rutin), carotenoids and ascorbic acid (up to 56.0 mg%) can be considered the main ones, likewise vitamins B, PP and free amino acids (lysine, methionine, cysteine, histidine, arginine, threonine, serine, proline, glycine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine; nine of which are essential). These elements have a positive therapeutic effect on the cardiovascular system, the human gastrointestinal tract. The garland chrysanthemum is a very plastic and undemanding vegetable crop with medicinal properties. It is capable of growing on technogenic soils contaminated with cobalt, zinc and nickel, accumulating these elements to a lesser extent than traditional vegetable plants, which is very important in modern conditions. It is shown that in the conditions of the Moscow region it can be well grown by sowing seeds directly on field, continues to maintain the rhythms of growth and development, passes through all phenological phases and gives a stable high yield of green mass — up to 5.3 kg/m2, inflorescences — up to 1.4 kg/m2, seeds — up to 130.0 g/m2. Low laboratory and field germination of seeds up to 50 % has been established.

SUITMAs as an archive of the human past: educational implications

Purpose The relics of the industry are widely used for educational and touristic purposes. There are many examples of brownfield sites turned into tourist attractions. Interest in post-industrial areas concerns not only an infrastructure and ruins but also the soil cover. Soils in such areas should be also considered as important element of this type of landscape due to the artefacts’ stored. This article aim is to present educational potential of post-industrial soils and artefacts to be found there on the example of the area of “Polchem”. Methods and materials This publication is based on the analysis of soils’ artefacts in the non-reclaimed area of former chemical plant. Photographic material and literature studies focus on technogenic soils and its functions. The history of “Polchem”, industrial tourism and industrial archaeology as well as verbal communication of people associated with the company were important components of this publication. Results and discussion Soils play many ecological functions, one of them is archiving human history. In this approach, archaeology is combined with soil science serving as a tool in archaeological research. Such cooperation within two scientific fields leads often to valuable scientific achievements. Relatively young post-industrial areas are generally out of interest of archaeology. However, they can form the basis of soil education activities targeted at a larger number of recipients. Conclusions Soils within cities are interesting due to recorded marks of human activity. Artefacts in soils can be used in various ways. One of them is an educational purpose. “Polchem” area is out of use now so it can be accessed by visitors (students and teachers). Artefact’s diversity allows for quick finding and recognition of industrial history of the former plant. In this way, it could be present an important soil function—protecting cultural heritage.

Testing of nodule bacteria for naturally and technogenically saline soils and grounds

The area of natural saline lands in Russia is about 30 million hectares. At present, the growth of technogenically saline areas is associated with the extraction of minerals (agro-ore) and the formation of drill pits when drilling wells for the purpose of exploration and production of hydrocarbons. The number of drilling pits with a high salt content in the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous okrug is about 3 thousand, about the same number of them in the Yamal-Nenets autonomous okrug, in the south of the Tyumen region their number is increasing in the Uvat region. Reclamation of these territories includes technical and biological stages of reclamation. The biological stage is associated with the use of phytomeliorant cultures. The inclusion of a legume component in the composition of phytomeliorants assumes its joint use with the preparation of an active strain of nodule bacteria. The aim of the research is to identify the most salt-tolerant strain of lupine nodule bacteria at different chemistry and degree of salinity of the environment. Research methodology and methods. Laboratory experiments in Petri dishes were used to test lupine nodule bacteria for salt resistance and salinity chemistry. Nodule bacteria of lupine strains 363a, 367a, 375a were taken directly from rhizotorphin preparations, the degree of dilution was brought to a certain titer corresponding to about 80 colonies per Petri dish. Nodule bacteria for melilot were represented by strains 282, 292 (CL) and 291, and for alfalfa, respectively, 451b, 404b, 412b, 423b, 408b and 425a. They were seeded with the same titer. Results. The presented results of experiments showed that colonies of lupine nodule bacteria react extremely negatively to the salt concentration in the nutrient medium of 0.3 % or higher. This is typical for both neutral and soda salinity. Of the three studied strains of nodule bacteria, sample 367a was the most salt-resistant. Of the presented strains of sweet clover and alfalfa, strains 282 and 423b had the highest salt tolerance, respectively. Scientific novelty. For the first time, strains of lupine nodule bacteria have been tested for salt tolerance in relation to different chemistry and degree of salinity identical to technogenic soils and saline soils.

Training of specialists for transport construction in the context of digitalization

The main goal of the study is to determine the direction of transformation of “SibADI” FSBEI HE as a center of attraction for all concentrated knowledge, skills and abilities in the development of the road industry, within the framework of the development conditions established by the scientific and technological revolution. This takes into account synchronization of all efforts on the part of scientific communities and industrial partners. Today, the Siberian State Automobile and Highway University faces the task of transforming from an industry-specific university with an accumulated scientific base. It includes transport construction, into an entrepreneurial University with commercialization of scientific, technical and educational and results in the following areas: “Creation and testing of intelligent composite materials”; “Creation of automated complexes for modeling multicomponent new road materials, including those of technogenic soils”; “Informational modeling of road objects with data transmission system”; “New methods of road diagnostics and defect recognition”; “Digital control, monitoring, forecasting systems”; “Intelligent logistics and design of network road configurations, as well as the development and transfer of entrepreneurial competencies into educational сontent”. The specificity of training of engineers requires reaching a qualitatively new level, which makes it possible to enter the number of international recognized specialized universities, to solve ambitious tasks.

Determination of normative values of mechanical indicators of bonded soils based on dynamic probing data

In the work on the basis of analytical analysis of tabular data, both current and previous domestic regulatory documents on civil engineering, for mechanical indicators of bonded soils of natural occurrence graphic and analytical (formula) interpretation of these values in relation to the values of the dynamic probing index of Pd, MPa, and yield index IL, units, for the degree of water saturation of these soils Sr ≥ 0.8 units is given. Correlation with the value of dynamic probing of Pd, MPa allows not only to differentiate engineering and geological (geotechnical) cross-sections, more or less detailed, but also to estimate the load-bearing capacity of selected layers of bonded soils accurately enough. The theoretical analysis has shown that the values of mechanical indicators of natural bonded soils adopted in the current regulatory documents, even taking into account their structural strength, can not be directly used as a prototype to assess similar indicators of compacted technogenic soils of artificial structures in the form of embankments of hydraulic dams, road embankments or airfields. This is due to the fact that in the vast majority of cases in civil construction assessed the properties of soils in the plastic state, which tend to have a lower density of dry soil than at the border of rolling, and a mandatory condition for the use of such soils in artificial soil structures is their compliance with the requirements of the so-called standard compaction, that is, the density of dry soil there should be more than the density of dry soil at the border of rolling. These soils are in a solid state (their concentration is ≥ 85 %) and indeed (through direct contact between the soil parts) work as an elastic body and can be characterized by a modulus of elasticity with a corresponding small elastic deflection lmax and a sufficiently large design critical resistance value of R0 ≥ 0.6 MPa, which must be determined at each laboratory test of the samples before they fracture or disproportional movement of the stamp.