Influence of road conditions on vehicles’ fuel consumption

The work is devoted to the solution of the issue of economic and safe transportation of goods and passengers by road. This transportation depends on the condition of roads, road surface, vehicle type and weather conditions. Weather conditions are taken into account both in terms of visibility (meteorological) and in terms of the coefficient of adhesion. The general criterion for assessing all conditions is the average speed of the vehicle, taking into account weather and road conditions. Weather conditions are determined by the type of visibillity: clear weather, rain, snowfall, blizzards, rain. By the coefficient of adhesion: dry surface, normal, wet, snow, ice. By road conditions: category of road, width of the travel section, radii of horizontal curves, longitudinal slopes, width of the road, the state of surface (coefficient of solidity). According to weather conditions, the calendar year is divided into three periods according to the conditions of cars’ movement. The first (winter) - December, January, February, March; second (spring-summer) - April, May, July, June, August; third (autumn) - September, October, November. The use of weather conditions in the Northern regions of Ukraine is presented in this work.

Forest areas remote monitoring within the limits of transport objects impact

The article studies the issues of using remote sensing data for the tasks of ensuring sustainable nature management in the territories within the influence of transport infrastructure objects. Peculiarities of remote monitoring for tasks of transport networks design and in the process of their operation are determined. The paper analyzes the development of modern remote sensing methods (satellite imagery, the use of mobile sensors installed on cars or aircraft). A brief overview of spatial data collecting methods for the tasks of managing the development of territories within the influence of transport infrastructure (roads, railways, etc.) has made. The article considers the experience of using remote sensing technologies to monitor changes in the parameters of forest cover in the Transcarpathian region (Ukraine) in areas near to highways, by use Landsat imagery.

Nonparametric factor of variability of hydroecological time series

Nonparametric factor of variability is offered for improvement of the estimation of variability of time series. By means of this nonparametric factor in this article is considered change of variability of hydroecological time series depending on season of the year. Considered nonparametric method is allows to find factor of variability practically for any natural time series.

Computer modeling of the process of soil sealing under the pipeline

In the article, using computer simulation in Ansys environment, the working process of replacement equipment of a single-bucket excavator for soil compaction under the pipeline is investigated and the influence of working equipment parameters on the qualitative picture of soil compaction process and change of stress-strain state of main pipeline and soil is evaluated.

DETERMINATION OF THE RATIONAL LEVEL OF MECHANIZATION OF ROAD PRODUCTION

The constant aspiration of a person to replace manual labor with the work of machines and mechanisms is reproduced in such concepts as "mechanization", "automation", "machine-tool" and others. In the construction industry, the most common and most favorable for the disclosure of this desire is an indicator of the level of mechanization. But in the techniques and recommendations that provide advice on the definition of this indicator, its calculation is carried out using generalizations of mechanization of labor without giving any clear representations as to the determination of production volumes in a purely mechanized way.The article reveals the essence of the indicator of the level of mechanization of road production, which determines the expediency of improving the structure of the main production assets of the enterprise for the implementation of such a program of work, which would contribute to maximizing profits. In general, the definition of the rational level of mechanization is based on the implementation of an iterative algorithm, which includes a number of stages.Thus, at the first stage, the initial (basic) program of a road organization is determined using data on the quantity and quality of the main production assets and the usual program of work for this enterprise. Determining the structure of this program, consisting of a number of road works and labor processes, in turn, is carried out using the developed algorithm, which involves the maximum technological use of all types of resources, including technical, which contribute to the mechanized mode of work. Next, using the data on the structure of the works, it is possible to obtain the estimated value of profit that can be obtained as a result of the implementation of the initial program of work. On the basis of the information about the estimated value of profit formed part of it in the form of a production development fund. The size of the fund for the development of production is the basis for reforming the machine park of the road organization. Options for changing the quantitative and qualitative composition of the machine park include the steps to assess their residual value, the purchase of new machines, major repairs or replacement of existing units of equipment. Using the data of various variants of the modernization of the park of machines and mechanisms, the corresponding changes for working hours for them are determined for the year, that is, the initial annual of working time is recalculated. The updated information on annual working time funds is used to determine the appropriate modifications to the park of machines of the work program of the road organization. For each option of updated programs of work determined by the calculated profit, and its maximum value is approved rational program of work. At the last stage, using data on total costs of manual and mechanized labor, as well as data on the total number of performers, indicators are calculated that characterize the level of mechanization of a road enterprise. The obtained indicators, as characteristics of the level of mechanization, can be used to solve various tasks in the field of road production management.

Integral assessment of stress-defomated condition of metal structures of machines under the action of static and dynamic loads

The article considers a system that combines the influence of static on dynamic loads on the example of the support-rotary circuit of a truck construction crane. The position of the system and its elements with the highest loads is revealed, the method of creating steel structures is investigated, each element, depending on the average load, experiences a stress-strain state. The basic laws of the theory of elasticity and plasticity were used to build a calculated mathematical model of the loaded support-rotary circuit. Equations of motion were compiled taking into account the behavior of structural elements and the machine as a whole under the simultaneous action of different loads. The calculation scheme was taken in the form of a structure consisting of rods rigidly connected to each other in nodes. As a method of calculation the method of finite elements with definition of displacements (deformations), efforts (stresses) in nodes of a grid of constructive elements of a design of a basic-rotary contour is applied. The stress distribution in each structural element depending on the type of load was obtained. This distribution allowed to choose rational parameters of a design in each its section. The proposed approach allowed to create a solid structure that provides reliability and economy of material. Thus, the results obtained allowed to fully analyze and decide on the simultaneous provision of strength, rigidity and minimum material consumption of the structure.

Economic regulation business of construction organizations

The thesis presents methodological approaches to diagnosis and restructuring the system of economic regulation business processes of construction organizations, aimed to stabilize their economic development. It was suggested a new definition of the term «business process of construction organization» and performed the decomposition of business processes in construction. It was determined main components of management of construction organizations, which allow improving their structure and consolidating all processes with strategically goals. It was improved the outsourcing mechanism to optimize financial processes and flows of subcontract construction organizations under condition of constrains on resources and deadlines on the construction of residential buildings designed and optimal measures of pre-payment. A new approach for the management of financial flows by means of fuzzy sets. Found out typical failings in administration of business processes in «effective» and «ineffective» of construction organizations to restructure their activity. It was conducted determinative factor analysis of profitability of operating activity in construction industry and worked out measures to improve the situation. Worked out the quantitative characteristics of key business processes, which allow defining the size of the advance payment of a customer to optimal level.

Analysis factors affecting formation on the clutch durability between asphalt-concrete layers of road clothing

This article reflects the importance of the road network for the social development of society and the development of the economy of the country as a whole. On the basis of literary sources provides complex analysis of roads in Ukraine, their current functional state and tendencies of development. It is established that the road industry is in a rather difficult situation due to unsatisfactory transport and operational conditions of the vast majority of Ukrainian roads. Construction of new roads is extremely rare because of lack of financial resources. Road works are usually carried out to preserve the network of already existing roads and to ensure their necessary transport and operational status. According to the results of the analysis, one of the main reasons for the premature destruction of newly constructed or repaired non-rigid pavements is the low strength of interlayer adhesion in the contact area of the newly covered material with the layer below. The effect of clutch durability between asphalt layers on the road strength has been studied in detail. A number of factors that affect the quality of clutch durability between layers are analyzed. It is established that in order to ensure the strength of grafting between asphalt concrete layers of road clothing, it is necessary to strictly observe the technological regimes of their laying, above all temperature; to take into account the physical and mechanical properties of materials at the construction stage and the influence of climatic and mechanical factors, or most often their complex effect on the operation of the highway.

Influence of requirements in automotive roads and their status on the estimation of propertty valuation characteristics

Features of the structure of the road economy, as part of the country's economy, affect the creation of a systematic methodology for assessing its property, when individual components will determine the peculiarities of the use and development of road infrastructure. To this end, for the purpose of assessing the property status of highways, which are the main component of the road economy, it is recommended to develop different models of approach to the definition of property valuation of highways. In the article the directions and models of estimation of the property condition of highways are offered, with the use of different concepts of determining their needs in the infrastructure of the region's economy and the need to maintain them in the proper operating condition. The combination of needs and the state of highways is used as a conceptual criterion for the formation of models for their evaluation as property in the structure of the region's economy. According to this criterion, a road is considered as an object which: A - provides social and administrative needs for the organization of motor transport in the region and the implementation of passenger transportation; B - can make a profit as a result of its use; C - is a part of the main productive assets of the region and the state as a whole, which should be maintained in good condition; D - a national economic object of a specific purpose, which is used to provide activities of individual sectors of the economy. The proposed structural classification of highways according to the conceptual criterion of their needs and conditions - A, B, C and D - is the basis for the formation of different models for assessing their property status, the peculiarities of which are discussed in the article. The main principle of such a classification of motor roads and transport facilities in general for the purpose of their property assessment is that they are considered as objects or sub-entities in the models of calculating the property of owners or users of transport facilities.

Development of algorithm for risk assessment of the large ring road construction project around Kyiv

One of the most important areas of development in Ukraine is the road sector. It belongs to the strategic sectors of the national economy, and the public road network is a significant component of Ukraine's infrastructure potential. The length and condition of road affects not only the safety and quality, mobility and employment, accessibility of educational and other services, but also causes changes in the temp and flow of capital in Ukraine, and is a necessary prerequisite for recovery competitiveness of the country's economy as a whole. Three international transport corridors pass through Ukraine, which are combined with four national transport corridors. They all pass through the Kyiv region. An urgent problem for Kyiv today is the construction of a Large Ring Road (hereinafter referred to as the "LRR") around Kyiv city, which should relieve the flow of transit transport through the capital of Ukraine, reduce harmful emissions from exhaust gases, and preserve the city roads from being destroyed by excessive vehicles, that are now creating a global city problem.