On the Multimodal Path to Language: The Relationship Between Rhythmic Movements and Deictic Gestures at the End of the First Year

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between rhythmic movements and deictic gestures at the end of the first year of life, and to focus on their unimodal or multimodal character. We hypothesize that multimodal rhythmic movement performed with an object in the hand can facilitate the transition to the first deictic gestures. Twenty-three children were observed at 9 and 12 months of age in a naturalistic play situation with their mother or father. Results showed that rhythmic movements with objects in the hand are a frequent behavior in children's repertoires. Rhythmic behaviors tend to decrease from 9 to 12 months, specifically when they are unimodal. Multimodal rhythmic behavior production at 9 months is positively related with proximal deictic gestures 3 months later. Multimodal rhythmic movements are not directly related to distal deictic gestures, but are indirectly related via proximal deictic gestures. These results highlight the relevance of multimodal behaviors in the transition to the use of early gestures, and can be considered as a transitional phenomenon between the instrumental action and early communicative gestures.

The Effect of the Xi Jinping Administration’s Anticorruption Campaign on the Performance of State-Owned Enterprises

There has been a debate on how the state-driven anticorruption movement during the Xi Jinping administration has influenced state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Research has examined the relationship between corruption and economic development at the country level in Asia and has found paradoxically that economic growth and high corruption levels can coexist. However, the “Asian paradox” that appears at the country level may be a transitional phenomenon of the short term. Not many researchers have empirically compared individual firm-level performance before and after a strong anticorruption drive, drawing on relevant comparison groups. This study tests whether Xi’s 2012 anticorruption campaign improved SOEs’ performance. With a difference-in-differences method, it explores whether the anticorruption campaign had different effects on the financial performance of SOEs and non-SOEs (private companies). We find that the anticorruption initiative improved SOEs’ financial performance and benefited SOEs more than non-SOEs.

The concept of “neo” and the novels of G. Rodenbach: between romanticism and symbolism

Various forms of transition in literature and art of the turn of 19th and 20th centuries havent been explored enough. The use of the concept of neo allows to clarify the ideas of neo-romanticism that have developed in modern science. The article analyzes the novel heritage of the Belgian writer Rodenbach as a transitional phenomenon that brings together the writer's tetralogy with romanticism, Parnassus and symbolist French poetry; as well as phenomenon that organically includes Belgian literature in the European space of intertextuality. It is proved that addressing the problems of art, the artist-creator, the beautiful soul, connects Rodenbach with the traditions of Yens romanticism, at a new stage of development of literature generates a transformation of the myth of romanticism. The ideal of art is not subject to devaluation, but the artist, who lives in society, always fails. Indulging in earthly passion, coming into conflict with society and himself, he doesnt keep faith in his beliefs. Real life creates illusions and self-deception, leading the character to disaster. Rodenbach uses a romantic model of mythologization, saturating it with symbolic allusions and signs, on the eve of modernism creates a neo-romantic novel synthesis.

Between Social Democracy and Council Dictatorship

This chapter examines the underlying democratic and socialist impulses in the German council movements of the early twentieth century. It analyses the emergence of council movements in Russia (from the strikes in February 1917 to the crushing of the Kronstadt uprising in 1921) followed by their spread to Germany (from the heightened revolutionary activity of 1917 to the establishment of the Weimar Constitution in August 1919). It examines the council movements through primary documents such as minutes of council meetings, congress reports, newspaper articles, and socialist journals. The typical Cold War framework for interpreting the council movements has been to view them as a transitional phenomenon leading to either liberal democratic institutions or a single-party dictatorship. Moving away from this binary framework, I show that while a diversity of political views were held by participants in the council movements, there was broad support for the deepening and extension of democratic conditions in major political, economic, and social institutions, including the army, civil service, and workplaces.

A space of transition and transaction

This rejoinder acknowledges the empirical gaps and theoretical/theological disharmony highlighted in the three selected commentaries on Place Spirituality (PS), but we defend our central argument about the developmental pathways of PS. First, we provide an overview of recent studies on PS, highlighting what has been done so far in the field. Second, we draw from the commentaries to advance the understanding of PS in relation to three world religions: Islam, Christianity and Hinduism. Third, we evaluate the normative aspects of PS as a transactional versus transitional phenomenon. Finally, we defend the two contested developmental pathways to PS, involving the compensation and correspondence working models of attachment, while complementing these models using the motivational systems framework. We maintain that these models are relevant for understanding the relationship between religious attachment and place attachment among religious and non-religious people. Recommendations for further studies are made in relation to the broader implications of PS.

Place Spirituality in the imaginary locus

This commentary on the target article underscores the need to examine the imagined trajectory of Place Spirituality, where person attachment and attachment to place through prior exposure are minimum or absent. Examples of such place attachment through sheer spiritual imagination or belief have been provided. It is further argued that while Place Spirituality may be complex, the exact developmental trajectory of Place Spirituality has not been investigated and requires future research attention. The model of transitional phenomenon and transitional space by Donald Winnicott has been presented as a possible explanatory model.

The esthetic features of the mysterious and playful in the art world Leskov’s works (“Negleted People”, “Christmas Stories”, “The Devil Dolls”)

The relevance of the subject is determined by the growing interest of contemporary literary criticism to the problem of the spiritually mysterious aspects of human nature and behavior described in the Leskov’s art. The author brings it closer to the New Literature of the turn of the 19–20 centuries.The purpose of the article is the characterization of esthetic mysterious and playful features the Leskov’s art. The object of the work is study the novel “The ghost in the Engineering Castle” belonging to the “Christmas Stories” (1889) and “Neglected People” (1865) and “The Devil Dolls” (1891). These works are distinguished by genres and time of writing. On the other hand, the existence of mysterious, deception, switch, masquerade, dream motives unites these novels. This fact defines the study matter.As it turned out, Leskov uses literary devices such as parody, caricature, black humor, poetics of masquerade, dreams and fantasy, complicated storylines, etc. All of them relate to the poetics of game. The most important among them are changing the points of view, the game with the reading expectations and the author’s irony.As a whole, researched motives, methods, the poetics of game and the experiments with the genre show us Leskov’s artistic innovation, “transitional” phenomenon in the literature of the end of 19 century. Either it shows us certain convergences with New Prose of the turn of 19 and 20 centuries. Furthermore, the research has shown that Leskov uses the game to find out the signs of human being mystery in everyday life. His fact transfers the prose perception from the moral and psychological field to ontology.

Lie and truth in flash fiction by N.S. Leskov of 1870–1880s

The relevance of the subject is determined by the growing interest of contemporary literary criticism to the problem of the playful features, the role of experiment and the innovation the Leskov’s art. The article describes the peculiarities of the writer's understanding of the problem of the power of frozen ideas that cause a person to think and act according to the standard, clashes between the carriers of various "truths" on the material of the stories "The iron will" (1876), "The Kolivanian man" (1888), "The little mistake" (1883) and "The Story about Devil's Grandma" (after 1886). These works are distinguished by genres and time of writing. On the other hand, the motives of deception, switch, power of stereotype over "devil doll" unites these novels. The replacement of names is repeated many times in Leskov’s novels and begins to mean the replacement of the essence itself. A chance and fate denote living life itself, free, unpredictable; stubborn characters do not believe in it, and it leads them to a tragicomic ending. In addition, Leskov comes close to the constant theme for Chekhov's works of falsity of views, which seem to their bearers to be the absolute truth, power over a person of dogma and stereotypes, a clash between bearers of different "truths". In the legend, this important for Leskov problem is formulated directly, in novels and short stories – with the irony inherent in the author, "narrative provocations", with the discrepancy between what is said and what it means, what the author thinks about. As a whole, researched motives, methods, the poetics of game and the experiments with the genre show us Leskov’s artistic innovation, "transitional" phenomenon in the literature of the end of 19 century. Either it shows us certain convergences with New Prose of the turn of 19 and 20 centuries.

Explanatory pluralism across cultures and development

Humans use natural and supernatural explanations for phenomena such as illness, death, and human origins. These explanations are available not just to different individuals within a society, but to the same individual, coexisting within a single mind. This chapter proposes that understanding the coexistence of qualitatively different explanations is fundamentally a cognitive–developmental endeavor, speaking to general questions of knowledge acquisition, socialization, and the interaction of cognition and culture. The chapter first reviews research demonstrating that coexistence of natural and supernatural explanations is not a short-lived, transitional phenomenon that wanes in the course of development, but is instead evident (and widespread) among adults. It then speculates on the psychological origins of coexistence and discusses implications for metacognition. Finally, directions are proposed for future research to inform understanding of how individuals incorporate natural and supernatural explanations across content domains, development, and cultures.