Research on Spillover Effect of Urbanization on Rural Land Transfer Based on the SDM Model of Intelligent Computing

In order to explore the spillover effect of urbanization on rural land transfer, this paper uses the panel data of various regions and cities in Xinjiang from 2008 to 2018. Moran's I method is used to test and analyze the spatial correlation between urbanization and farmland transfer. Intelligent computing SDM is used to analyze the spillover effect of urbanization on farmland transfer. The results show that there is spatial correlation between farmland transfers in Xinjiang. There is spatial heterogeneity in the spatial agglomeration of urbanization and farmland transfer in northern and southern Xinjiang. The content of this paper can provide some reference and ideas for follow-up research.

The Mechanisms of the Transportation Land Transfer Impact on Economic Growth: Evidence from China

Accessibility to transportation is a crucial factor for economic growth. Transportation land, defined as the land used to support transportation infrastructure, such as city and inter-city rail, ports, and air travel, is a critical element for constructing transportation facilities and has attracted increasing attention from researchers and policy makers. Transportation land transfer (TLT) is defined as the act by which the state transfers transportation land-use rights to a land user (collective or individual) within a certain period of time as the land owner (all land in China is owned by the state). The land user pays a land-use right transfer fee to the state. This article first reveals the multidimensional effect between TLT and economic growth based on data from China’s 30 provinces for 2007–2019. The study found the following. (1) A continuous increase in the availability of transportation land is vital to ensure sustainable economic growth, and the construction of transportation land between adjacent areas has positive spatial spillover effects. (2) These positive effects work through three mechanisms, i.e., increased employment, industrial interactions, and improvements in economic operational efficiency, with a time lag. (3) The positive effects of TLT on economic growth have significant heterogeneous moderating effects on the differences in the economic development stage, the level of industrial structure, and urbanization rate. The study expands the front-end to back-end analysis of land use, provides a reference for countries and regions at different stages of development to promote economic growth using transportation land construction, and presents beneficial insights for governments to efficiently avoid the mismatch of transportation land resources.

Does Land Transfer Improve Farmers’ Quality of Life? Evidence from Rural China

The topic of quality of life has long been a focus of global research and the public. The land transfer policy implemented by the Chinese government affects farmers’ quality of life (FQOL); however, the extent of this effect remains unclear. As land transfer may be a self-selection behaviour, it may be subject to selection bias such that traditional measurement methods are unable to effectively estimate its quantitative impact. This study used data from a questionnaire given to 5668 rural households in 25 provinces of mainland China. It sought to quantify the impact of land transfer on FQOL by using endogenous switching regression (ESR) models to correct selection bias. The results show: (1) for farmers who choose to transfer land, if they choose not to transfer land, FQOL may decrease by 64.11%; (2) for farmers who choose not to transfer their land, if they go on to choose to transfer their land, FQOL may increase by 0.75%; (3) land transfer can improve the quality of life of the older generation of farmers but will reduce the quality of life of the newer generation. The results of this study provide research support for China and other countries seeking to effectively implement land policies and improve the FQOL, helping to provide practical strategies for the sustainable development of rural areas.

The landowner role in beginning farmer/rancher land access: exploring predictors of landowners' views of extra-familial farm transfer to a BFR

PurposeBeginning farmers and ranchers (BFRs) are more likely to access land through an unrelated landowner than through family. Thus, farm and ranch owners who might transfer their land or businesses out of family are potential sources of land access for BFRs and are the most frequent participants in incentive programs to facilitate land transfer to BFRs. To assist in identifying landowners who might transfer out of family, the paper aims to explore similarities and differences between landowners according to their expectations for intra-familial versus extra-familial farm transfer.Design/methodology/approachPairwise and regression analysis of USA Midwestern and Plains landowners' responses to an online survey (n = 322).FindingsLandowners who might transfer out of family were likely to need the proceeds from a land sale to finance their retirement. Landowners' financial needs interacted with their widespread interest in transferring to a BFR such that 97% of owners who expected extra-familial transfer wanted to transfer to a BFR. There were also statistical patterns around the size of owners' landholdings in relation to their transfer plans.Research limitations/implicationsThis exploratory inquiry suggests patterns for future research to examine, especially around landowners' juxtaposition of their retirement income and their interest in transferring to a BFR and how to align these priorities and values.Originality/valueBy exploring the characteristics of landowners who are the most likely to provide land access to BFRs, the authors begin to examine how to target these owners in program outreach. Patterns for further exploration point to landowners' financial needs in relation to their interest in helping a BFR to get started in agriculture.

Urbanization in China and the role of social and natural capital in land acquisition and transfer arrangements

The paper is in several parts. We explain the context of the study area that is characterized by land acquisition and transfer (LAT) by local government (often against the wishes of the local villagers). We report on a methodology that is simple, yet robust, that enables local land users and other interested parties to quantify the social capital of local people in rural and peri-urban areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR) and assess the extent to which social capital influences the bargaining power of land users when faced with acquisition of their cropland, grazing land, woodlands, water and other environmental goods and services. Finally, we explore the notion that social capital can be a force to create a more even playing field and influence the outcomes of land grab for industrial, infrastructure and urban development. Interest in the concept of social capital and its application has increased rapidly over the past few years with the realization that social bonds and norms are important for achieving sustainability. Ferdinand Tönnies identified the value of the ideas surrounding social capital as early as 1887, but later scholars gave it a theoretical framework. Social capital implies that there are aspects of social structure and organization that act as resources for individuals, allowing them to realize their personal aims and interests. Often, social capital is defined as trust, norms of reciprocity, and networks among individuals that can be drawn upon for individual or collective benefit. Social capital is different between urbanites and rural dwellers, especially farmers. In this paper, we focus on how social capital serves the interests of individuals or collectives. Social capital based on kinship and geopolitical position plays an important role in affecting rural land transfer. Rural land transfer (also called LAT) is becoming a highly contested matter as China moves to implement its plan to increase the proportion of urban dwellers to 70% by 2030(Ma et al., 2018). Natural capital (a sub-set of social capital) should always be maintained as it is critical to sustainable economic development representing, as it does, a multidimensional concept that mirrors the different frameworks of various scientific disciplines and social groups used in valuing nature. Widespread and rampant LAT that accompanies accelerated economic development in peri-urban and rural areas (Ma et al., 2018) needs to take critical natural capital into account.

The Impact of Family Capital on Farmers’ Participation in Farmland Transfer: Evidence from Rural China

Family capital provides diverse and effective resources for production and livelihood of farmers, and thus profoundly determines farmers’ behavior in the decision-making process, yet the specific impact of family capital on farmers’ participation in farmland transfer has not been adequately examined. Based on a theoretical analysis, this paper divides family capital into four dimensions: human capital, economic capital, social capital, and cultural capital, and empirically analyzes the impact of different types of family capital on farmers’ participation in farmland transfer by using data on farmers in the 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) database. The results show that human capital, economic capital, and cultural capital all have significant impacts on both farmland transfer-out and transfer-in behavior, while social capital only plays a significant role in farmland transfer in. In order to accelerate the development process of farmland transfer in China, it is necessary to actively guide surplus rural labor towards non-agricultural employment, improve the farmland system and build a land transfer trading platform to promote the transfer of farmland to households with a good agricultural base, and strengthen social security construction to reinforce the enthusiasm of farmers engaging in land transfer.

Analysis on Influencing Factors of Farmland Transfer Price in Heilongjiang Province

At present, there are still some problems in rural land circulation in Heilongjiang Province. Among them, the high price of land circulation is a prominent problem at present, and the price of land circulation is the most important factor affecting land circulation. In this paper, literature analysis, field investigation and interview are used to study the current situation and influencing factors of agricultural land transfer price in Heilongjiang Province, and further analyze the impact of agricultural land transfer price on land transfer. The results show that: (1) In recent years, the transfer price of agricultural land in Heilongjiang Province has been on the rise; (2) The price of farmland transfer will be affected by the factors of grain price, grain producer subsidy, land quality and transfer period; (3) The age of the head of household, the willingness of the head of household to cultivate, the area of agricultural land transfer, the proportion of non-agricultural income, and the types of food planted have no significant effect on the transfer price of farmland.

The Unintended Consequence of Land Finance: Evidence from Corporate Tax Avoidance

Using a large sample of unlisted industrial firms in China, we find that a decrease in local governments’ land transfer revenues leads to lower tax avoidance by firms within their jurisdiction. Our cross-sectional variation tests suggest that the tax-avoidance-reduction effect is stronger in cities with higher land finance dependence and government intervention, as well as where the political leaders have stronger promotion incentives. However, the effect is moderated for politically connected firms. Further analysis reveals that intensified tax enforcement is the mechanism through which land transfer revenue losses result in decreased tax avoidance. Our study offers novel evidence on a previously underexplored determinant of corporate tax avoidance through the lens of land finance. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.

Kajian Ekokritik dalam Novel Kekal Karya Jalu Kancana

Penelitian ini dimulai dari latar belakang masalah lingkungan yang saat ini sedang menjadi sorotan akibat dari alih fungsi lahan, eksploitasi flora dan fauna, dan sebagainya. Tujuan pembuatan artikel jurnal yaitu mendeskripsikan kajian ekokritik dalam novel Kekal karya Jalu Kancana. Ekokritik adalah kajian yang mengkritisi lingkungan melalui karya sastra. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ekokritik yakni dengan mencari kutipan dalam karya sastra yang memuat nilai-nilai lingkungan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah novel Kekal karya Jalu Kancana. Penelitian ini terfokus pada kajian ekokritik. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjuk pada kajian ekokritik dalam novel Kekal karya Jalu Kancana yang menggambarkan tentang perjuangan tokoh bernama Alit yang sedang menggaungkan program Save Ciharus untuk dapat terus mempertahankannya sebagai bagian dari upaya pelestarian lingkungan dari tangan kotor sebuah korporasi yang hanya mementingkan aspek ekonomi dibandingkan dengan aspek ekologi.Kata Kunci: Ekokritik, Kekal, Jalu Kancana This research start from the background of environmental problems that are currently in the spotlight as a result of land transfer, exploitation of flora and fauna, and etc. The purpose of journal is to describe the study of ecocriticism in the novel Kekal by Jalu Kancana. This research is qualitative research. The subject in this study was jalu Kancana's novel Kekal. This research focuses on ecocriticism studies. The data was analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods. The results point to the ecocriticism study in jalu Kancana's novel Kekal which describes the struggle of a figure named Alit who is promoting the Save Ciharus program to be able to continue to maintain it as part of environmental conservation efforts from the dirty hands of a corporation that only attaches importance to economic aspects compared to ecological aspects.Keywords: Ecocriticism, Kekal, Jalu Kancana