Espectro de polen corbicular de Apis mellifera en muestras de Huejotitán, Jalisco, México

This study examines the different plants visited by the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) during the honey harvest season (August to November) 2012. The work consisted in identifying the corbicular pollen pellets collected by the bees in one apiary in the village of Huejotitan, municipality of Jocotepec, state of Jalisco, Mexico. Three hives were selected and sampled monthly by means of Ontario modified pollen traps. The samples were tagged and frozen and later processed by acetolysis technique to remove the exine; permanent glycerine slides were made for the preservation and analysis. Identification and counting of pollen grains was performed using an Olympus BH-2® upright microscope equipped with a 100X ocular micrometer to measure each individual species pollen grain, using immersion oil. Wild plants in bloom were also collected monthly, tagged, pressed and taken to the herbarium for identification; the pollen was extracted, processed and identified for a reference collection that served as an ancillary means of identification and as a seasonal reference to the blooming species. In the corbicular pollen, 23 types of plants were identified: 13 at species level, five at genus level and five at family level belonging to 17 plant families. Myrtaceae resulted the most frequently represented family followed by Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Lamiaceae.

Relationing of Labellum and Glossae Biomorphological Characteristics of Honeybee Workers as Breeding Tool on Honey Collection Potential of Apis Mellifera L. Honeybee Colonies

This study focused on the correlation of honey collection Potential and the length and width of labellum and glossae in worker honey bees (Apis mellifera Ligustica). Sixty honeybee A. mellifera L. colonies were selected, among these 60 colonies, 3 worker bees were sampled from each colony total numbers of samples collected were 180 adult worker foraging bees. Fifteen colonies for each group were used to check the correlation of honey production with length of labellum, width of labellum, length of glossae and the width of glossae respectively. These worker bees were bought to the laboratory frozen, boiled, dissected and mounted on the slides. Measurements of the labellum length, labellum width, glossae length and glossae width were taken by the stereomicroscope with ocular micrometer at 0.8X magnification. Correlation values for the honey collectionand length and width of labellum and glossae were high and positive. These Results support the perception that worker bees with larger labellum and glossae have more ability for honey collection potential. It is concluded that Biomorphological characters of labellum and glossae are significantly correlated with the honey collection potential in A. mellifera L.

Biology of Anar Butterfly: Deudorix (Virachola) isocrates Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in Mid Hill of Himachal Pradesh

Aim: The study on biology of fruit borer, Virachola isocrates Fabricius was carried out under laboratory conditions. Place and Duration of study: Study on the biology of V. isocrates was carried out under laboratory conditions in the Horticultural Research Station, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Seobagh Kullu in 2019. Methodology: In order to study life cycle, V. isocrates reared in the laboratory and measurements of different stages were regularly recorded with the help of ocular micrometer and stage micrometer. Results: The average incubation period was recorded to be of 8.66 ± 2.05 days. The developmental period of first, second, third, fourth and fifth instar was 2.66 ± 0.46, 3.33 ± 0.46, 3.66 ± 0.46, 3.33 ± 0.46 and 3.33 ± 0.46 days, respectively. The total larval period was found to be of 15.33 ± 6.94 days. Pupal duration was found to be 15.33 ± 6.94 days. Total developmental period was completed within 40 ± 4.08 days through five larval instars on pomegranate. Conclusion: An up to date knowledge about the incidence pattern of major insect pests and their life cycle studies is a prerequisite for implementation of an effective and successful management tactics.

Relationing of Labellum and Glossae Biomorphological characteristics of honeybee workers as breeding tool on honey collection potential of Apis mellifera L. honeybee colonies

This study focused on the correlation of honey collection Potential and the length and width of labellum and glossae in worker honey bees ( Apis mellifera Ligustica). Sixty honeybee A. mellifera L. colonies were selected, among these 60 colonies, 3 worker bees were sampled from each colony total numbers of samples collected were 180 adult worker foraging bees. Fifteen colonies for each group were used to check the correlation of honey production with length of labellum, width of labellum, length of glossae and the width of glossae respectively. These worker bees were bought to the laboratory frozen, boiled, dissected and mounted on the slides. Measurements of the labellum length, labellum width, glossae length and glossae width were taken by the stereomicroscope with ocular micrometer at 0.8X magnification. Correlation values for the honey collectionand length and width of labellum and glossae were high and positive. These Results support the perception that worker bees with larger labellum and glossae have more ability for honey collection Potential. It is concluded that Biomorphological characters of labellum and glossae are significantly correlated with the honeycollection Potential in A. mellifera L.

THE PREVALENCE OF POULTRY COCCIDIOSIS AND THE ANTICOCCIDIALS IN USE IN SOUTHERN NIGERIA

Forty brooder houses were sampled from four States in the southern part of Nigeria, namely: Oyo, Lagos, Imo and Anambra States, to identify the species of coccidia. Five species of Eimeria were isolated including Eimeria E. necatrix; E. maxima and E. mivati/E. mitis. Using the McMaster count, the number of oocyst occuring in each brooder house was calculted with the species of Eimeria oocyst, confirmed by experimentally infecting clean chicks and determining occyst size using the ocular micrometer. Frequent outbreaks of coccidiosis in these brooder houses were obviously prevented by the practise of administering anticoccidials daily until the birds were mature as can be observed with the use of common drugs as coccidiovit, amprolium, deccox, furazol, naccox and coxdin.

Morphometric study of certain inland water copepods from Nashik, Maharashtra, India

The morphometric study of selected copepods was carried out during year 2018 from Godavari river of Nashik region. In the present study, a total of four copepod genera were selected for carrying out their morphometric measurements in terms of micron. These are Mesocyclops sps, Macrocyclops fuscus, Tropocyclops prasinus and Eucyclops agilis. The morphometry of various body parts like cephalosome, metasome, urosome, antennae, caudal rami, fural rami and total body length were measured by using ocular micrometer scale. On the basis of measurement obtained in the present study, it can be concluded that Eucyclops is the largest of all, Macrocyclops and Tropocyclops are intermediate in size whereas, Mesocyclops is the smallest of all studied specimens.

MANIFESTATIONS OF HETEROGENICITY AND POLYMORPHISM OF BREAST CARCINOMA CELLS DURING CULTIVATION

The aim of the research was assessment of morphological characteristics of cells of two populations, isolated during the development of the method of cultivating a sample of breast carcinoma in order to create a personalized experimental model. Materials and methods. For our work, we used the surgical material of breast carcinoma. After preparation, tumor tissue was incubated in a mixed solution of enzymes, after which the sample was filtered and resuspended in a complete nutrient medium containing antibiotics-antimycotics. The cell suspension was placed in a seed vial with a nutrient medium and incubated in a CO2 incubator until a monolayer was formed. The culture medium was changed every 3 days. Subculture of cell lines was performed when the culture reached 80–90% confluent once every 6–7 days. Control over the state of the culture was carried out using an Eclipse TS100 inverted microscope, Nikon. To assess morphological parameters, cells were stained according to Romanovsky. The linear dimensions of the nuclei and the cells themselves were calculated using an MOV-1-15x ocular micrometer and a Micros MC50 light microscope. Micrographs of the preparations were made on a Leica DM5000 B microscope at 400 magnification. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the MS Excel and STATISTICA 6 programs; the Mann — Whitney test was used to assess the significance of differences. Results. During the cultivation of breast carcinoma cells during three passages in the culture, two types of cells were identified — adhesive and non-adhesive, in which, with an increase in the cultivation time, the indicators of the relative cell area, the relative area of the nuclei and the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio significantly increased. In addition, in these populations, the manifestation of polymorphism was noted with an increase in the cultivation time, which manifests itself in an increase in the proportion of larger, irregularly shaped cells at each subsequent passage. Conclusion. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the culture of breast carcinoma cells is characterized by the appearance in the culture of two populations of cells — adhesive and non-adhesive with high proliferative activity, which is confirmed by significant changes in cell sizes, nuclei, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. In addition, cell polymorphism is observed in both populations, which is accompanied by an increase in the proportion of larger irregularly shaped cells in culture with an increase in the cultivation time and the number of passages.

P43 IS THERE AN OPTIMAL DEFINITION FOR POSITIVE CIRCUMFERENTIAL RESECTION MARGIN IN LOCALLY ADVANCED OESOPHAGEAL CANCER?

Aim The utility of Circumferential Resection Margin (CRM) status in predicting prognosis in oesophageal cancer remains controversial, with two different definitions of a positive CRM, one from the College of American Pathologists (CAP) (tumour at margin) and the other from the Royal College of Pathologists (RCP) (tumour within 1 mm)1-3. This study aimed to analyze the validity of these definitions in oesophageal tumours and explore the optimal cutoff value for CRM to predict survival. Background & Methods Patients who underwent curative radical oesophageal resection for locally advanced (>pT2) adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus were selected from 2007 to 2016. Patients with positive longitudinal resection margins were excluded. CRM was histologically reassessed using an ocular micrometer. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were estimated with uni and multivariate analyses. Results From 860 resected patients, 283 fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected. CRM was measured as follows: CRM=0mm (n=48), 0<CRM ≤1mm (n=123) and CRM>1mm (n=112). In univariate (figure 1) and multivariate analysis R1 resection, according to both definitions was significantly associated with poor OS (CAP: HR=2.26,p<0.001; RCP: HR=1.42,p=0.035). However only CAP definition accurately predicted DFS (CAP: HR=2.25,p<0.001; RCP: HR=1.28,p=0.094). When comparing the 3 CRM groups and taking 0 < CRM ≤1mm as reference, only CRM=0 predicted OS and DFS (p<0.001). A CRM cutoff at 0.1 mm was the best to predict OS and differed according to histology. Conclusion Among existing definitions of CRM, CAP definition was more accurate to predict prognosis and recurrence. New cutoffs are promising.

Tumor Thickness and Modified Clark Level in Canine Cutaneous Melanocytic Tumors

Breslow thickness and Clark level are prognostic factors for human cutaneous melanomas. Breslow thickness is measured with an ocular micrometer from the top of the granular layer of the epidermis to the deepest invasive cell across the broad base of the tumor, while Clark level is based on the anatomical level of invasion through the layers of the dermis. Because of the anatomical differences between humans and dogs, we evaluated the tumor thickness and a modified Clark level in 77 canine primary cutaneous melanocytic tumors. Tumor thickness (using both a traditional and a more convenient system) and modified Clark level were measured and associated with histological diagnosis and clinical outcome. Tumor thickness was a prognostic factor, being greater in animals with shorter overall survival and disease-free time. Cutoffs of 0.95 cm and 0.75 cm defined a higher hazard for an unfavorable outcome and to develop recurrence/metastasis, respectively. Because of an excellent agreement between the 2 methods, it was concluded that tumor thickness could be measured with a ruler when an ocular micrometer is not available. Modified Clark level was not found to be relevant for prognosis. However, we suggest that both tumor thickness and a modified Clark level can be valid additional parameters when histological diagnosis is uncertain. Further studies, including a wider sample population, would be worthwhile to confirm the prognostic significance of these 2 parameters.