Impact of physical parameterization schemes on the numerical simulation of Orissa Super Cyclone (1999)

& 29 vDrwcj] 1999 dks mM+hlk esa vk, egkpØokr dks izfr:fir djus ds fy, isuflyosfu;k LVsV ;wfuoflZVh ds jk"Vªh; ok;qeaMyh; vuqla/kku dsUnz ds eslksLdsy ekWMy ¼,e- ,e- 5½ ds xSj&nzoLFkSfrd :ikarj dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA pØokr ds ekxZ vkSj mlds fodkl ij dSu&fÝ’k] csV~l&feyj] xzsy vkSj ,aFksl&dqvks uked pkj diklh izkpyhdj.k Ldheksa rFkk gk¡x&iSu vkSj cdZ FkkWEilu uked nks xzgh; ifjlhek Lrj izkpyhdj.k ¼ih- ch- ,y-½ Ldheks ds izHkko dk v/;;u djus ds fy, iz;ksx fd, x, gSA pØokr dh xfr] U;wure nkc dk fodkl] o"kkZ dk iSVuZ vkSj rkieku ds m/okZ/kj ØkWl lsD’ku ds laca/k esa laosnu’khyrk dh tk¡p dh xbZ gSA ,aFksl&dqvks Ldhe dks NksM+dj vU; lHkh izfr:i.k vfr {kh.k ifjlapj.k ls vfr izpaM pØokrh; rwQku fodflr djus esa l{ke gSaA U;wure dsUnzh; nkc dk cuuk fofHkUu diklh Ldheksa esa vf/kd laosnu’khyrk n’kkZrk gS ftlesa lekdyu vof/k ds 4 fnuksa ds nkSjku dSu&fÝ’k Ldhe ls 966 gS- ik- vkSj ,aFksl&dqvks Ldhe ls 1004 gS- ik- jghA izfr:fir pØokr dh xfr ij fofHkUu diklh izkpyhdj.k Ldheksa dk egRoiw.kZ izHkko jgk gSA blls izkIr gq, ifj.kkeksa ls irk pyk gS fd dSu&fÝ’k vkSj gk¡x&iSu dh feyh tqyh Ldheksa ls pØokr ds U;wure dsUnzh; nkc dk fodkl vkSj iouksa dh {kSfrt ,oa m/okZ/kj lajpukvksa] rkieku folaxfr;ksa vkSj jsucSaM y{k.kksa dks vPNh rjg iznf’kZr fd;k tk ldrk gSA Non-hydrostatic version of Pennsylvania State University- National Center for Atmospheric Research mesoscale model (MM5) is used to simulate the super cyclonic storm that crossed Orissa coast on 29 October, 1999. Experiments are carried out with four cumulus parameterization schemes namely; Kain-Fritsch, Betts-Miller, Grell and Anthes-Kuo and two planetary boundary layer parameterization (PBL) schemes namely; Hong-Pan and Burk-Thompson to study their impact on the movement and development of the cyclone. The sensitivity is examined in terms of movement, evolution of minimum pressure, rainfall pattern and vertical cross section of temperature. All the simulations are able to develop the very severe cyclonic storm from very weak circulation except with Anthes-Kuo scheme. The evolution of the minimum central pressure shows much sensitivity among the different cumulus schemes with Kain-Fritsch producing 966 hPa while Anthes-Kuo 1004 hPa during the 4 days of the integration period. Different cumulus parameterization schemes show significant impact on the simulated movement of the cyclone. The results reveal that the evolution of minimum central pressure and horizontal as well as vertical structures of winds, temperature anomalies and rainband characteristic to a cyclone are well brought out by the combination of Kain-Fritsch and Hong-Pan schemes.

EXPERIMENTAL AND MATHEMATICAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE APPLICATION DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR RECORDING THE POSITION OF THE LOWER JAW DURING TOTAL PROSTHETICS USING DENTAL IMPLANTS

Subject. When prosthetics of toothless jaws are performed, the physiological position of the lower jaw must be determined before the final structures are made. In some cases, the use of temporary prostheses for several weeks may be useful to check for a new occlusion in a centric relationship. When the correct ratio is achieved, it is difficult to transfer them from the preliminary prostheses to the final ones. This article presents a case and a technique used to communicate information about the position of the lower jaw using a digital workflow. To determine the optimal position of the lower jaw, a computer tomogram of the temporomandibular joint was used to mathematically measure the correct position of the head of the lower jaw. Purpose. To describe a technique designed to transfer the inter-occlusal relations of the upper and lower jaws, using digital technologies in the prosthetics of full adentia using dental implants. Methodology. On the example of a clinical case of rehabilitation of a patient, total removal of failed teeth was performed, followed by prosthetics of complete adentia with the installation of six implants on the upper and lower jaws. After the completion of the integration period, a cone-beam computed tomography was performed with the capture of the temporomandibular joint, and a scan of plaster models with installed gum shapers was performed. The obtained data were compared in a specialized program for mathematical calculation of the optimal position of the lower jaw. This information was used to produce registration templates for the manufacture of fixed structures supported by implants in the resulting central jaw ratio. Results. A digital protocol for determining the central ratio of the jaws allowed us to transfer the information obtained in a virtual model of the temporomandibular joint to a permanent restoration based on implants. Conclusion. The approach described in this article predictably conveys information about the optimal position of the lower jaw during prosthetics and allows you to perform the final restoration on implants with optimal occlusal ratios, based on a mathematical calculation performed in specialized programs.

A Diamond-Based Dose-per-Pulse X-ray Detector for Radiation Therapy

One of the goals of modern dynamic radiotherapy treatments is to deliver high-dose values in the shortest irradiation time possible. In such a context, fast X-ray detectors and reliable front-end readout electronics for beam diagnostics are crucial to meet the necessary quality assurance requirements of care plans. This work describes a diamond-based detection system able to acquire and process the dose delivered by every single pulse sourced by a linear accelerator (LINAC) generating 6-MV X-ray beams. The proposed system is able to measure the intensity of X-ray pulses in a limited integration period around each pulse, thus reducing the inaccuracy induced by unnecessarily long acquisition times. Detector sensitivity under 6-MV X-photons in the 0.1–10 Gy dose range was measured to be 302.2 nC/Gy at a bias voltage of 10 V. Pulse-by-pulse measurements returned a charge-per-pulse value of 84.68 pC, in excellent agreement with the value estimated (but not directly measured) with a commercial electrometer operating in a continuous integration mode. Significantly, by intrinsically holding the acquired signal, the proposed system enables signal processing even in the millisecond period between two consecutive pulses, thus allowing for effective real-time dose-per-pulse monitoring.

Characteristics of pulsed blue and green light stimulated luminescence signals of quartz and feldspars

The post-infrared (post-IR) pulsed blue light stimulated luminescence (PBLSL) signal has been employed to determine the equivalent dose (D e ) of feldspar contaminated quartz grains, but it sometimes suffers from the interference of feldspars. Since the green light stimulated luminescence (GLSL) signal of feldspars might be more reduced by a prior IR stimulation, we compared the characteristics of post-IR PBLSL and post-IR pulsed GLSL (post-IR PGLSL) signals of quartz and feldspars in this study to evaluate the feasibility of employing the green light for pulsed stimulation. We investigated the effect of the signal integration period, pulsed stimulation temperature, and prior IR stimulation temperature on the intensities of post-IR PBLSL and post-IR PGLSL of quartz and feldspars, and evaluated the potential feldspar interference on these two signals for the hypothetical and artificial quartz-feldspar mixture. The results demonstrate a lower feldspars contribution for the post-IR PGLSL signal. The feldspar interference only slightly increases with the increase of integration period for the post-IR PGLSL signal measured at low stimulation temperature, which permits a long integration period to be employed to enhance the signal to noise ratio. This study shows that the green light is a promising alternative for pulsed stimulation to suppress the feldspar contribution.

Formation of organizational and production structures in the agricultural sector of the Bulgarian economy in the conditions of European integration

The peculiarities of the formation of new organizational and production structures of the agricultural sector of the Bulgarian economy in terms of integration into the European Union are considered. One of the conditions for ensuring the competitiveness of Bulgarian agriculture was the creation of a significant number of farms of various organizational and legal forms. Peculiarities of creation and functioning of private agricultural enterprises against the background of privatization of former labor cooperatives and state farms with observance of a clearly regulated legislative procedure are studied. The peculiarities of creating private agricultural farms in two forms are generalized: private households and large agro-firms. Of course, there were some difficulties with the privatization of agricultural machinery, equipment, technical and farm buildings. Also, difficulties arose with the management of agricultural commodity production due to the long absence of a tradition of private property in agriculture. It is proved that one of the features of the formation of new organizational and production structures was their creation on the basis of decolectivization and privatization. The main task of this process was to create an efficient and competitive environment for the development of the agricultural sector. The basis of agricultural management in Bulgaria in the period 1996-2007 were private agricultural enterprises, which were more efficient in their activities than other organizational and legal forms of management. However, the imperfection of the management system of the agricultural sector did not allow to accelerate the process of productivity of the industry, to attract the latest scientific advances and more efficient use of logistics. In the pre-integration period, no program of management actions for the functioning of agricultural enterprises was developed, which did not contribute to the growth of their financial and economic indicators and the competitiveness of these farms.

Integration of the SAR Payload on Board of the Meteor-M No. 2-2 Spacecraft into the COSPAS–SARSAT International Search and Rescue System

The present article addresses the results of the “Meteor-M” No. 2-2 SAR payload (RK–SM–MKA) commissioning campaign. The international effort was coordinated by Russia with the participation of technical teams from national administrations of the United States, Canada and France. In the course of testing, it was determined that the SAR payload performance was within technical expectations and that the SAR payload could be operationally used in the COSPAS–SARSAT system. Other matters of integrating the “Meteor-M” No. 2-2 (“Cospas-14” in Cospas-Sarsat terminology) SAR payload into the COSPAS–SARSAT system as well as the system’s readiness to accept the new spacecraft are discussed. The article also unveils the objectives addressed during the “Сospas-14” integration period and the benefits gained by the system, which were recently made public by the COSPAS–SARSAT Secretariat. The analysis performed by the Secretariat demonstrated that the addition of the new “Cospas-14” into the LEOSAR system significantly improves LEOSAR satellite latency due to the spatial diversity of the current SARSAT and “Cospas-14” orbits.

Comparison of the Isotopic Composition of Hg and Pb in Two Atmospheric Bioaccumulators in a Pyrenean Beech Forest (Iraty Forest, Western Pyrenees, France/Spain)

Mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) isotopic compositions were investigated in mosses and lichens collected in a large mountainous beech forest (Iraty Forest) located on the French-Spanish Pyrenean border. Hg isotopic signature in topsoil samples were also analyzed in selected sampling sites. This is the first work that uses the complementary information of both isotopic systems in two distinct atmospheric bioaccumulators. Mosses and lichens present characteristic accumulation due to their integration times, displaying different information on metal pollution over the area. Hg and Pb concentrations in annual moss shoots represent recent atmospheric accumulation, while whole lichen thalli integrates a process of accumulation over a longer period. Lead isotope ratios in mosses are consistent with reported data corresponding to the actual European atmospheric background (206Pb/207Pb ∼ 1.158), while Hg isotopic composition reflects potential uptake of both dry and wet Hg depositions. For lichens, Pb isotopic composition exhibits the contribution of a longer integration period of both industrial Pb emissions and legacy of leaded gasoline pollution. Hg isotopes in lichens discriminate two main groups: a larger one representing the background atmospheric contribution and a second one corresponding to unexpected higher Hg content. The similarities in odd and even Mass-independent fractionation of Hg isotopes between topsoils and lichens from the larger group, support the idea that foliage uptake is the main input of Hg in soils. The second group of lichens exhibits more negative δ202Hg (down to –4.69‰) suggesting a new source of fractionation in this area, probably related to lichens aging and/or stubble and grass fires due to pastoral activities. This study demonstrates that using both Hg and Pb isotopic signature in lichens and mosses allows to trace atmospheric sources and environmental pathways of these metals in forested ecosystems. This original data set in a remote environment provides also new information on the fate of atmospheric Pb and Hg depositions.

Insulin Infusion Computer Calculator Programmed Directly Into Electronic Health Record Medication Administration Record

Background: Computerized insulin infusion protocols have demonstrated higher staff satisfaction, better compliance with protocols, and increased time with glucose in range compared to paper protocols. At University of California San Diego Health (UCSDH), we implemented an insulin infusion computer calculator (IICC) and transitioned it from a web-based platform directly into the electronic medication administration record (eMAR) of our primary electronic health record (EHR). Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 6306 adult patients at UCSDH receiving intravenous (IV) insulin infusion from March 7, 2013 to May 30, 2019. We created three periods of the study—(1) the pre-eMAR integration period; (2) the eMAR integration period; and (3) the post-eMAR integration period—and looked at the percentage of readings within goal range (90-150 mg/dL for intensive care unit [ICU], 90-180 mg/dL for non-ICU) in patients with and without hyperglycemic emergencies. As our safety endpoints, we elected to look at incidence of blood glucose (BG) readings <70 mg/dL, <54 mg/dL, and <40 mg/dL. Results: Pre-eMAR 69.8% of readings were in the 90-150 mg/dL range compared to 70.2% post-eMAR ( P = .03) and 82.7% of readings were in the 90-180 mg/dL range pre-eMAR versus 82.9% ( P = .09) post-eMAR in patients without hyperglycemic emergencies. Rates of hypoglycemia with BG <70 mg/dL were 0.43%, <54 mg/dL were 0.07%, and <40 mg/dL were 0.01% of readings pre- and post-eMAR. Conclusions: At UCSDH, our IICC has shown to be safe and effective in a wide variety of clinical situations and we were able to successfully transition it from a web-based platform directly into the eMAR of our primary EHR.

Exchange of Vietnamese Culture: Russia and Problems Made in Integration Period

Cultural exchange is an attribute of human society, the law of movement and development of all cultures. Today, the process of globalization is drawing almost all nations into its giant spin, the world is changing rapidly, and countries like it or not, the intangibles are affected, even dependence on each other. It is considered that the contact with Russian culture and countries in the old socialist system is the fourth cultural contact in the five contacts of Vietnamese culture to the region and the world. In nearly half a century of exchange with Russian culture, we have achieved undeniable achievements and results, but at the same time there are many issues raised and some lessons to consider. Objectively and fairly assessing this cultural exchange is a practical task, in order to draw historical experiences for Vietnamese culture in the context of international integration today.