BONE MINERAL DENSITY: AN ANALYSIS OF WEIGHT BEARING, RESISTANCE AND IMPACT PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES

Studies have confirmed that resistance training can have a beneficial effect on bone mineral contents. But, it is not well established that which type of sporting activity is more beneficial for increased bone mineral density (BMD). The objective of the study was to find out the difference in the BMD between various sporting activities. As a part of study, bone mineral density of elite sportsmen belonging to various type of sports in respect to weight bearing, resistance and impact were compared. Research design for present study was a cross-sectional design. A total of 120 elite sportsmen (mean age=22.14 years, mean BMI=24.89 kg/m2), who have won first/second/third position at least at national/ inter-university levels in the discipline of Weight lifting (N - 22), Volleyball (N – 24), Basketball (N – 24), Athletics (Long distance, Middle distance and Cross-Country runners) (N – 25) and Cycling (N – 24) participated in the study. Bone mineral density was measured by using Ostepro-ultrasound bone mineral density system. The ANOVA results revealed statistically significant difference between different groups for right and left leg Calcaneal Bone Mineral Density (g/cm2) with F value of 9.14 (p<0.01) and 8.38 (p<0.01) respectively, indicating that there exists a significant difference in the BMD between various groups. Further, when BMD was compared between sportsmen of various categories with weightlifters for right leg Calcaneal Bone Mineral Density, the t value was significant (Volleyball, Basketball, Athletics and Cycling the t-value was 18.20, 20.29,14.06 and 21.76 respectively). Similarly, t value was significant (Volleyball – 15.92, Basketball – 20.44, Athletics – 10.09 and Cycling – 21.64) when left leg Calcaneal Bone Mineral of weight lifters were compared with other categories. It is concluded that bone mineral density is higher in sportsmen who participate in higher static resistance weight-bearing in comparison to high-impact weight-bearing and no-impact no weight-bearing.

Female Athlete Triad/Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport: A Perspective Interview With Professor Barbara Drinkwater

Barbara Drinkwater has been a lifelong champion of equality for women in many areas of life well before it was widely accepted. Her “walking the walk” of women breaking barriers in traditional male roles in administration and leadership is exemplified by her election as the first woman president of the American College of Sports Medicine in 1988. Some of the controversial areas in which Barbara was vocal in the arena of women in sport, besides triad/relative energy deficiency in sport, include increased opportunity and participation, total equality, acceptance of diversity, intolerance of harassment and abuse, and fairness with transgender athletes. She co-founded the evidence-based advocacy group on the international stage known as Women Sport International. As a physiologist, Barbara has had a major influence on attention to the health of the female athlete, and she produced the original pioneering work in the field. Her impactful study, “Bone mineral density after resumption of menses in amenorrheic athletes,” was published in theJournal of the American Medical Associationin 1986. Since that time, the female athlete triad has set the stage for research and treatment to enhance women in physical activity at all levels.

Csontanyagcsere felnőtt phenylketonuriás pácienseknél – hazai adatok

Introduction: Patients with phenylketonuria have lower bone mineral density compared to healthy people, however, the ethiology of these alterations is not clear. Hungarian data were missing in this topic. Aim: The main aim of our study was to survey the correlation between metabolic control and change of bone mineral density in early treated Hungarian adult patients with phenylketonuria. Method: In this monocentric study bone mineral density of 59 adult PKU patients have been repeatedly measured in a 4-year interval using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Two subgroups have been established based on average blood phenylalanine levels. The correlation between the change in bone mineral density and average phenylalanine, tyrosine concentrations have been determined while initial bone mineral density and change have also been examined in the subgroups. Results: Mean phenylalanine concentration was 614 (182–1222) micromol/L, whereas mean tyrosine concentration was 49 (24–99) micromol/L and the calculated ratio was 16 (4,5–35). Three patients have had severely decreased bone mineral density in either localisation while 22 have had mild decrease. Low bone mineral density compared to cronological age has been found by 9 patient. The mean change was +0.0380 (–0.1550–0.7800) g/cm2 in femur, and +0.0120 (–0.57300–0.3130) g/cm2 in the lumbar spine. There was a correlation in the change in Z-score neither with mean phenylalanine nor with tyrosine concentration. Conclusions: Bone mineral density was not changed and hardly influenced by the metabolic control in early-treated young adult phenylketonuria patients in a few years interval. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(47): 1868–1872.

CORRELATION STUDY BETWEEN BONE MINERAL DENSITY DETERMINED BY RADIOGRAPHIC ABSORPTIOMETRY AND BONE RESISTANCE OF EQUINE THIRD METACARPAL BONE SUBMITTED TO BIOMECHANICAL TESTING

Knowledge about non-invasive methods for early diagnostics in equine orthopedic disorders is economically important and has been widely studied. In this study, bone mineral density determined by radiographic absorptiometry was correlated to bone resistance of the equine third metacarpal bone submitted to biomechanical testing. Thirty pairs of third metacarpal bone of adult horses were collected, dissected, radiographed, analyzed by the radiographic absorptiometry technique, and submitted to tomographic study and biomechanical testing. No significant linear correlation between radiographic bone density values and measured biomechanical properties was observed. Therefore, bone mineral density of the third metacarpal bone determined by radiographic absorptiometry does not predict bone capacity to resist compression and flexion loads. Further studies should be developed to establish which techniques are reliably capable of giving such predictive information.