Dynamical systems approach in automobiles technological transition from environmental drivers

The effects of climate change have led us to identify the need to minimize emissions, particularly in the transport sector. However, the demand for cars has increased and, the only alternative is the technological transition towards zero-emission technologies such as electric cars. This document proposes a mathematical model based on system dynamics to evaluate with dynamical systems the technological transition of automobiles from environmental drives. The results show bifurcations of codimension 2 between 4 different types of phase portraits, each of which allowed to identify a different type of transition. It is concluded that the demand for each technology and its useful life will determine its permanence in the market, but that each of these gives rise to environmental impacts that will guide the preferences of consumers, with the possibility that there is a loss in the motivation of consumers generated by the emergence of some other type of alternative, perhaps such as active mobility.

1JSC “Pluton”, 2 JSC Central Scientific Research Radio Engineering Institute named after Academician A.I.Berg

Currently, there are no normative documents regulating the appropriate technology of manufacturing parts from titanium alloys at the stage from hot plastic deformation to obtaining a machined (finished) part in terms of ensuring its high-quality surface and structure. Namely, the end-to-end effect of the transformations of the workpiece material on its characteristics formed through more than one technological transition, its heredity, is not tracked. This makes it difficult to achieve the desired characteristics of the final product and increases the cost of its manufacture. We studied VT6, a titanium alloy of medium strength, and found the relationship between the parameters of forging and the stability of the cutting process, the quality of the surface and the structure of the material of the resulting part. Technological solutions proposed on the basis of a synergistic approach should provide a balanced improvement of the specified parameters and eliminate the shortcomings of the original semi-finished product.

Technological transition and technological dependency: Latin America–China relations in a changing international order

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual framework of the relationship between technological transitions and hegemonic transitions in the international system from a historical perspective and discuss its consequences for technologically dependent countries and regions.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyzes the relationship between technological transitions and hegemonic transitions in the international system from a historical perspective. It then constructs four possible transition scenarios for China's international order and the USA's central role in defining the international order. IT closes with a discussion of how changes in ICT and global health public goods can impact China's position in the international order and opportunities for Latin America–China technology partnerships.FindingsHistorically, technological transitions and hegemonic transitions in the international system simultaneously occur, with the country winning the technological dispute emerging as the international system's hegemon. The USA and China are currently involved in technological races in several next-generation technologies. The outcome of these technological races will define each country's position in the international system in the coming decades and the transformations in the international order.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is limited to discussing the technologies/sectors: ICT, specifically 5G, and AI technologies, and medical technologies with the potential of global public health goods. Research on other technologies/sectors will provide a deeper understanding of the likely outcomes of the current technological transition and its implications for the balance of power in the international system.Practical implicationsThis paper makes a case for Latin American countries to (1) engage in a pragmatic bargain with China and the USA to establish technological partnerships in emerging technologies and (2) to develop national technology strategies aimed at promoting autonomous technology development capabilities.Social implicationsThis paper addresses the need for Latin America to take a strong stance for technological autonomy, stressing the differences in buying technology and making technology.Originality/valueThis paper presents an original framework of the relationship between technological transitions and hegemonic transitions in the international system. It discusses how technological leadership impacts the international order by establishing relations of technological dominance and technological dependency.

Innovative Economy and Economic Growth

The article examines relationship between innovation and economic development in the framework of new technological structures, as well as implementation of an innovative macro-strategy in the context of modern credit and banking system, supported and stimulated by the state and by transnational corporations. The function of an entrepreneur is to contribute to prosperity of both an individual business and the country's economy as a whole. In the absence of entrepreneurs, budget financing of projects often involves irresponsible decision-making (economically ineffective), bureaucracy and business degeneration. Systemic support for the development of entrepreneurial innovation is needed, and macroeconomic management tools should be stimulatory. Modern legal regulation does not comply with new technological possibilities. Technological change can have both positive and negative social consequences. Growing unemployment is considered one of the serious social threats. A well-thought-out state policy should be aimed at neutralizing the negative social consequences of the economy technological transition. It is necessary to use international experience in implementing credit issue in order to stimulate investments in innovative sectors of economy. The role of the Central Bank in targeting the growth of corporate incomes and incomes of the population is important, as well as implementation of the program for innovative development of the economy under the state support.

Proposal of Ecotechnologies for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Production in Mexico: Economic, Environmental, and Social Implications

Conventional aquaculture (ACUA-C) in Mexico is an activity that maintains an annual growth rate of 6%. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) aquaculture is the predominant aquaculture in the country with 4623 farms, most of which operate with semi-intensive (SIS) and extensive (ES) production systems, discharging untreated wastewater that negatively impacts the environment. To address this problem, new ecotechnologies such as biofloc (BFT), recirculation systems for aquaculture (RAS), constructed wetlands (CWs) for water treatment, and aquaponics (AS) have emerged to mitigate the environmental impacts of untreated wastewater. The objective of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of tilapia farming with BFT, RAS, CW, and AS ecotechnologies through an economic and financial feasibility analysis, considering their environmental and social implications in a Mexican aquaculture farm located in the state of Veracruz. Open interviews, direct observation, and diagnosis of the semi-intensive tilapia system was carried out between 15 May 2019 and 15 February 2020 in order to calculate, design, and theoretically evaluate the four ecotechnological alternatives (TBF, RAS, CW, and AS). Economic (13), environmental (10), and social (5) variables were applied, making use of the same facilities. The results reveal that the four ecotechnologies implemented in an SIS are economically viable and environmentally acceptable, especially in water management, in addition to being socially feasible. It is concluded that BFT offers an alternative to the producer by having a lower additional cost to improve problems, despite the possible complexity of operation and energy requirements to manage wastewater treatment. The technological transition to BFT is recommended to solve the problem of sustainable water management.

Mobility as a service or mobility as commons?

Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is a relatively fast-growing emerging technology based on a vision of integration and user-friendliness in mobility systems, based on a “mobility platform” approach. Considering that most of the literature so far does not take an explicitly critical attitude towards this emerging technology, this paper considers the great uncertainties and implications for the socio-technical domains in and out of everyday mobility. The analysed implications also refer to the set of innovation actors, as well as the institutions and patterns of interaction between them. The conclusion is that the technological transition of MaaS from a niche to a mobility regime requires the convergence of several socio-technical factors of societal digitalization, the development of a wider infrastructure, and a regulatory system change. To avoid the potential undesired effects of MaaS, transport policy and institutions for managing technological development will need to recognize the underlying problems at the root of further activities, ranging from depoliticization to fundamental theoretical questions about the essence of the mobility commons.

Huawei in Venezuela: a review of 2006–2019

PurposeThe aim of this article is to describe Huawei's internationalization process in Venezuela and show how socio-political and economic conditions helped to expedite the company's development in this Latin American nation between 2006 and 2019. Through this internationalization process, Huawei participated in a large technological transition in Venezuelan telecommunications.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses an integrative approach, developing a quasi-case study from a review of the academic literature, contemporary news stories and institutional and practitioner documents.FindingsThe review indicates that Huawei was engaged in business with the Venezuelan phone company before its renationalization. Secondly, Huawei's internationalization was a beneficiary of the increased relations between the Venezuelan and Chinese governments, mainly through “oil for loans/goods” agreements. Lastly, this internationalization process includes wholly owned subsidiaries, direct export, greenfield and government joint ventures.Practical implicationsThis research provides an understanding to other firms and strategists about the benefits of strong bilateral economic relationships between home and host countries.Originality/valueThis paper is among the first academic articles that describe the internationalization process of Huawei in Venezuela. Considering the host country's changing political and economic conditions during the last 20 years, such research may provide a perspective for considering other Chinese business expansions in Venezuela and Latin America.

Technological Changes in Consumption Strategies in Modern Tourism

The article analyzes the strategic impact of the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, on the tourism sector of the world economy. The content of technology packages 4.0., the impact of the technological transition on the competitiveness of Russian tourism are described. The relevant resolutions of international tourism organizations are discussed, Megatrends of future tourism. A critical assessment of the main provisions of the Strategy for the development of Russian tourism until 2035 has been made. Examples of implementation of technological and social Megatrends in the world tourism and in the regions of Russia industry are given. The results of research of the world's leading enterprises on the revealing of preferences and wishes of modern tourists, the value of digital services for them, and ways to choose locations are studied. Differences in the expectations and preferences of travelers of different ages are formulated. The parameters of technological features of modern tourists and the list of main studies of technological changes at the present stage of production of tourist products are formed.