Dynamical systems approach in automobiles technological transition from environmental drivers

The effects of climate change have led us to identify the need to minimize emissions, particularly in the transport sector. However, the demand for cars has increased and, the only alternative is the technological transition towards zero-emission technologies such as electric cars. This document proposes a mathematical model based on system dynamics to evaluate with dynamical systems the technological transition of automobiles from environmental drives. The results show bifurcations of codimension 2 between 4 different types of phase portraits, each of which allowed to identify a different type of transition. It is concluded that the demand for each technology and its useful life will determine its permanence in the market, but that each of these gives rise to environmental impacts that will guide the preferences of consumers, with the possibility that there is a loss in the motivation of consumers generated by the emergence of some other type of alternative, perhaps such as active mobility.

Universal finite-size scaling function for coarsening in the Potts model with conserved dynamics

We study kinetics of phase segregation in multicomponent mixtures via Monte Carlo simulations of the q-state Potts model, in two spatial dimensions, for 2 ≤ q ≤ 20. The associated growth of domains in finite boxes, irrespective of q and temperature, can be described by a single universal finite-size scaling function, with only the introduction of a nonuniversal metric factor in the scaling variable. Our results show that although the scaling function is independent of the type of transition, the q-dependence of the metric factor hints to a crossover at q = 5 where the type of transition in the model changes from second to first order.

EFL Students’ Use of Transition Signals in Essay Writing

This study is aimed to explore the use transition signals used by EFL students in essay writing in higher education level. Particularly, this essay will be conducted to English Language Education Study Program students at University of Widya Gama Mahakam Samarinda. This research is a qualitative study with content analysis research design where twenty-six comparison and contrast essays of the third semester students were analyzed by using coding which indicates transition signals used by students. Additionally, in-depth interview also applied to the students who are considered as less active users of transition signals in their writing in order to figure out deeper on what difficulties they found during writing the essay. The findings of this research reveal three major result i.e. most of students are succeed to use compare and contrast type of transition signals to compose their comparison and contrast essay, the students mostly use time order transition signals to make their essay coherent, and two out of twenty-six students have no transition signals to be used on their essays. Result from interview shows that the students still lack of understanding toward when, where, and what type of transition signals can be used for certain context. Pedagogical implication is discussed further in this research.

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Determining the Horizontal Curvature of a Track Axis Using a Moving Chord

The paper addresses the issue of determining the horizontal curvature of a railway track, noting that it is most often done indirectly – on the basis of measured sags from a chord stretched along the track. Further use of this method would not be justified if there were a direct method for determining the curvature. Therefore, the assumptions of the method for deter-mining the horizontal curvature from “Archives of Civil Engineering”, iss. 4/2020, are presented. This method is based on changes in the slope angles of the moving chord in the Cartesian coordinate system. Two important details are examined: the influence of the length of the chord on the obtained values of curvature and the possibility of determining the location of border points between particular geometrical elements. The analysed variants resulted from the type of transition curves used. It has been found that the length of the chord does not play a significant role in determining the curvature and does not limit the application of this method. At the same time, attention is drawn to the precision of determining the nature of the curvature and its compliance with the theoretical course on transition curves. The analysis shows that, in the moving chord method, it is possible to determine the location of the border points between the individual geometrical elements, but the required chord length must be adapted to the type of transition curve. Keywords: railway, horizontal curvature, moving chord, analysis methodology

Azine- and Imine-linked Conjugated PolyHIPEs through Schiff-Base Condensation Reaction

A new type of transition metal-free π-conjugated polyHIPEs is obtained by a Schiff-base condensation reaction coupled with a concentrated emulsion-based templating technique. The resulting highly porous azine- or imine-linked poly(arylene)...

A Practical and Modular Construction of C(sp3)-rich Alkyl Boron Compounds

Alkyl boronic acids and esters play an important role in the synthesis of C(sp³) rich medicines, agrochemicals, and other materials. This work describes a new type of transition-metal free mediated transformation to enable the construction of C(sp³)-rich, and sterically hindered alkyl boron reagents in a practical and modular manner. The broad generality and functional group tolerance of this method is extensively examined through a variety of substrates, including synthesis and late-stage functionalization of scaffolds relevant to medicinal chemistry. The strategic significance of this approach, with alkyl boronic acid as a linchpin, is demonstrated through various downstream functionalizations of the alkyl boron compounds. This two-step concurrent cross-coupling approach, resembling formal and flexible alkyl-alkyl couplings, provides a general entry to previously synthetically challenging high Fsp³-containing drug-like scaffolds.

A Practical and Modular Construction of C(sp3)-rich Alkyl Boron Compounds

Alkyl boronic acids and esters play an important role in the synthesis of C(sp³) rich medicines, agrochemicals, and other materials. This work describes a new type of transition-metal free mediated transformation to enable the construction of C(sp³)-rich, and sterically hindered alkyl boron reagents in a practical and modular manner. The broad generality and functional group tolerance of this method is extensively examined through a variety of substrates, including synthesis and late-stage functionalization of scaffolds relevant to medicinal chemistry. The strategic significance of this approach, with alkyl boronic acid as a linchpin, is demonstrated through various downstream functionalizations of the alkyl boron compounds. This two-step concurrent cross-coupling approach, resembling formal and flexible alkyl-alkyl couplings, provides a general entry to previously synthetically challenging high Fsp³-containing drug-like scaffolds.

Welded Construction Design of Transition Fittings from Metal Pipes to Plastic Pipes

Transition type fittings are components often used in facilities where fluids are transported that allow the passage from a high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe to a steel pipe. In the presented studies, four types of transition fittings were analyzed in the first stage. The four types of transition fittings are distinguished by the shape of their welded steel construction. The performed analyses took into account testing the behavior upon exposure to fatigue, measuring the HDPE hardness and applying the finite element method (FEM). As a result of these studies it was demonstrated that the form of the welded steel construction has a very great influence on the operating behavior of the transition fitting. Thus, a new transition fitting with a welded steel construction was designed. In this new type of transition fitting, an approximately 50% increase in resistance to fatigue stress, an approximately 90% reduction in stress in the part material and a reduction in the hardness of the material in HDPE pipes was obtained. The studies allow not only an improvement of the characteristics for these types of parts, but also the optimization of other types of steel-plastic joints.

Political opportunity structures and the parliamentary entry of splinter, merger, and genuinely new parties

Drawing on an original sample of 351 elections held in new and consolidated democracies from 1960 to 2013, this article examines the likelihood that new parties gain parliamentary representation as a function of electoral system permissiveness and contextual factors that shape political entrepreneurs’ perception of political opportunity. We distinguish between the success of genuinely new parties and that achieved by splinters or parties formed through mergers. We find that the district magnitude matters for the success of all three types of newcomers, while the electoral formula and proportionality matter only for the parliamentary entry of splinter parties. Another novel finding is that government instability facilitates the success of genuinely new and splinter parties. The analysis also shows that, irrespective of the type of transition, the more elections have taken place since then, the less likely it becomes that genuinely new parties and merger new parties enter parliament.