SENSOR APPLICATIONS IN ANALYSIS OF DRUGS AND FORMULATIONS

Several sensors, biosensors, and actuators are designed and mounted to analyze biomedical nutraceuticals, food, and nutraceutical products in this particular issue. Some applications concern classical subjects such as eubacteria determination in agricultural products, flashing material in foods such as the ethyl group’s chemicals, and fruit juices’ inhibitor properties. In contrast, the different applications are more revolutionary, such as safety research, the manufacture of artificial human senses (electronic nose or tongue), or t Ligands are often characterized by nano biosensors, utilizing biomaterials that involve specific aptamers, antibodies, enzymes, polymers, and sensory receptors. The square measurement of several modal sensing elements, integrated with nanomaterials, increases sensitivity such as nano biosensors and increases nano biosensor productivity. For the nano biosensor with increased efficiency, modality sensing components have been incorporated in this case. The square measurement of the elastic (ME) magnetic machine biosensors was used to classify infectious agents by a magnet coil in contemporary juice or milk and to develop direct detection of infectious agents on food scanning coils.

Impact of flux gap upon dynamic resistance of a rotating HTS flux pump

HTS flux pumps enable superconducting currents to be directly injected into a magnet coil without the requirement for thermally inefficient current leads. Here, we present results from an experimental mechanically rotating HTS flux pump employing a coated-conductor stator and operated at 77 K. We show the effect of varying the size of the flux gap between the rotor magnets and coated conductor stator from 1 to 7.5 mm. This leads to a corresponding change in the peak applied perpendicular magnetic field at the stator from approximately 350 to 50 mT. We observe that our experimental device ceases to maintain a measurable output at flux gaps above 7.5 mm, which we attribute to the presence of screening currents in the stator wire. We show that our mechanically rotating flux pump is well described by a simple circuit model which enables the output performance to be described using two simple parameters, the open-circuit voltage Voc and the internal resistance, Rd. Both of these parameters are found to be directly proportional to magnet-crossing frequency and decrease with increasing flux gap. We show that the trend in Rd can be understood by considering the dynamic resistance experienced at the stator due to the oscillating amplitude of the applied rotor field. We adopt a literature model for the dynamic resistance within our coated-conductor stator and show that this gives good agreement with the experimentally measured internal resistance of our flux pump. This is the Accepted Manuscript version of an article accepted for publication in 'Superconductor Science and Technology". IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/28/11/115008.

Impact of flux gap upon dynamic resistance of a rotating HTS flux pump

HTS flux pumps enable superconducting currents to be directly injected into a magnet coil without the requirement for thermally inefficient current leads. Here, we present results from an experimental mechanically rotating HTS flux pump employing a coated-conductor stator and operated at 77 K. We show the effect of varying the size of the flux gap between the rotor magnets and coated conductor stator from 1 to 7.5 mm. This leads to a corresponding change in the peak applied perpendicular magnetic field at the stator from approximately 350 to 50 mT. We observe that our experimental device ceases to maintain a measurable output at flux gaps above 7.5 mm, which we attribute to the presence of screening currents in the stator wire. We show that our mechanically rotating flux pump is well described by a simple circuit model which enables the output performance to be described using two simple parameters, the open-circuit voltage Voc and the internal resistance, Rd. Both of these parameters are found to be directly proportional to magnet-crossing frequency and decrease with increasing flux gap. We show that the trend in Rd can be understood by considering the dynamic resistance experienced at the stator due to the oscillating amplitude of the applied rotor field. We adopt a literature model for the dynamic resistance within our coated-conductor stator and show that this gives good agreement with the experimentally measured internal resistance of our flux pump. This is the Accepted Manuscript version of an article accepted for publication in 'Superconductor Science and Technology". IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/28/11/115008.

Skewing angle magnet and coil reduced starting torque in a permanent magnet synchronous generator for a small vertical axis wind turbine

This work investigated the effects of changing the skewing angle of a magnet coil on starting torque in a permanent magnet generator (PMSG) fitted in a low speed vertical wind turbine. The optimal skew angle of the magnet-coil was found to be 15–0 (degrees), generating 1.22 (N-m) starting torque and 295.40 (W) compared with a skew angle of 0–0 (degrees). This skew angle reduced starting torque and power by 5.43 % and 1.96 %, respectively. A Savonius and H-Darrieus stacked turbine blade operated at a wind speed of 1.90 m/s and 1.31 N-m torque. This blade was used in a fully operational vertical wind turbine, was connected to the PMSG that can cut-in speed of 2.1 m/s. It was concluded that a 15–0 (degree) skewing angle magnet-coil can be applied to a low speed vertical wind turbine.

Optimum design of electromechanical vibration isolators

Conventional vibration isolators have been used for a long time to isolate a receiver from a source of disturbance. Probably, the most popular example of vibration isolators can be found in automotive suspensions. In vehicles, the spring and damper elements are used to damp road vibration and also to maintain drive handling stability. In this process, the mechanical energy is converted into heat and dissipated in the damper element. The idea of recovering part of the energy has become an attractive topic among researchers over the last three decades. In this context, this study investigates the possibility of replacing the damper element with an electrical circuit coupled to the mechanic system using a permanent magnet/coil transducer. Different electrical circuit configurations are analyzed to study the influence of damping on the mechanical system. Expressions to obtain critical damping and optimum damping to reduce the maximum peak in the frequency response are developed and presented in tabular form for ease of reference. The methodology is then applied to a two-degree-of-freedom system representing a quarter-vehicle suspension model. The results show that coupled electrical circuits can be used to replace fluid dampers in the design of vibration isolators without performance loss.

Bremsstrahlung conversion efficiency and gamma - neutron generation from polypropylene, aluminum, iron, and lead bombarded by 10 MeV electrons

An electron beam from the UELR-10-15S2 accelerator (average energy of 9.92 ? 0.48 MeV) was applied to irradiate food and medical items at the Research and Development Center for Radiation Technology, Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute, Vietnam. The materials are under an electron beam window, such as irradiation products, conveyor, magnet and shielding material for the magnet coil, bombarded by electrons and generated X-ray (bremsstrahlung effect). In this article, X-ray conversion efficiency from polypropylene, aluminum, iron, and lead bombarded by an electron beam from the UELR-10-15S2 accelerator is measured by the film dosimeter and simulated by the MCNP4c2 code, and there is good agreement between the calculation and measurement results. The results show that X-ray conversion efficiency is the highest from lead (4.3 %), so the gamma - neutron reaction (Q-value of -6.74 MeV for 207Pb) has to be studied in food and medical items irradiated by a 10 MeV eelectron beam.