Improving the Methodology for Assessing the Effectiveness of Economic Entities in Modern Conditions

Modern conditions impose special requirements to the assessment of economic entities. Efficiency is an important parameter of the activity of any business. The present research involved a critical analysis of standard methods for assessing the effectiveness of both domestic and foreign practices. The analysis revealed a need to apply new approaches to business efficiency assessment because the standard approach is not systematic and its indicators repeat themselves. The article offers a new conceptual methodological approach to understanding the term efficiency. The new methodological concept is hybrid in nature and includes classical economic, financial, and institutional methods. It also adopts some methods and approaches from management and natural sciences. The authors built a comprehensive model for assessing the effectiveness of an economic entity in modern conditions. It is based on the idea that the optimal methods are those that do not use relative indicators. This model includes three levels of indicators: standard, qualitative, and synergistic. The new approach is systemic and corresponds to modern economic environment, which resolves the issue of relative performance indicators.

Fault Detection and Efficiency Assessment for HVAC Systems Using Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring: A Review

Heat, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are some of the most energy-intensive equipment in buildings and their faulty or inefficient operation can significantly increase energy waste. Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM), which is a software-based tool, has been a popular research area over the last few decades. NILM can play an important role in providing future energy efficiency feedback and developing fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) tools in smart buildings. Therefore, the review of NILM-based methods for FDD and the energy efficiency (EE) assessment of HVACs can be beneficial for users as well as buildings and facilities operators. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first review paper on the application of NILM techniques in these areas and highlights their effectiveness and limitations. This review shows that even though NILM could be successfully implemented for FDD and the EE evaluation of HVACs, and enhance the performance of these techniques, there are many research opportunities to improve or develop NILM-based FDD methods to deal with real-world challenges. These challenges and future research works are also discussed in-depth.

Sustainability Efficiency Assessment in the Turkish Manufacturing Sector

This chapter intends to measure environmental, social, and economic sustainability efficiency levels of the manufacturing companies listed in Borsa Istanbul Sustainability Index by using data envelopment analysis (DEA) based on the target year of 2019. In this context, considering the relationship between inputs and outputs determined as a result of the comprehensive review of the related literature, efficiency assessment is made by considering environmental, social, and economic indicators, which are the main dimensions of corporate sustainability. The input-oriented Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (CCR) and Banker, Charnes, and Cooper (BCC) models have been used in the efficiency measurement. According to the obtained efficiency scores for the relatively inefficient companies in terms of environmental, economic, and social dimensions, several suggestions are offered depending on the potential improvement rates for them.

Efficiency Assessment of Tax Measures in the European Countries Against the Effects of COVID-19

Ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic is not only health crisis but the economic challenge. The future of society depends on how successfully the authorities find a balance between imposition of stringent restrictions and economic development. Tax policies play a role in reducing losses caused by the COVID-19 lockdowns. All countries are taking tax measures to mitigate the impact of the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on society. While the COVID-19 pandemic has not yet been defeated, it is too early to draw conclusions about which tax measures against the effects of COVID-19 are efficient. On the other hand, correct trajectory of economic recovery can be missed if not to analyze the other countries experience. The object of this study is tax measures in the European countries against the effects of COVID-19. The subject of the study is the fuzzy set theory to assess the efficiency of tax measures in the European countries against the effects of COVID-19. The aim of the study is to find out which European countries have been more succeeded in tax measures implementing and type of their immediate crisis response. The analysis is carried out in 29 European countries. The result of the study allows to state that the number of tax measures against the effects of COVID-19 does not affect their efficiency and the most popular type of immediate crisis response has been the business cash-flow enhances.