Non-invasive intelligent monitoring system for fault detection in induction motor based on bio piezoelectric sensor using ANN

This paper presents a design of a low-cost integrated system for the preventive detection of unbalance faults in an induction motor. In this regard, two non-invasive measurements have been collected then monitored in real time and transmitted via an ESP32 board. A new bio-flexible piezoelectric sensor developed previously in our laboratory, was used for vibration analysis. Moreover an infrared thermopile was used for non-contact temperature measurement. The data is transmitted via Wi-Fi to a monitoring station that intervenes to detect an anomaly. The diagnosis of the motor condition is realized using an artificial neural network algorithm implemented on the microcontroller. Besides, a Kalman filter is employed to predict the vibrations while eliminating the noise. The combination of vibration analysis, thermal signature analysis and artificial neural network provides a better diagnosis. It ensures efficiency, accuracy, easy access to data and remote control, which significantly reduces human intervention.

Plantar pressure measurement system based on piezoelectric sensor: a review

Purpose Plantar force is the interface pressure existing between the foot plantar surface and the shoe sole during static or dynamic gait. Plantar force derived from gait and posture plays a critical role for rehabilitation, footwear design, clinical diagnostics and sports activities, and so on. This paper aims to review plantar force measurement technologies based on piezoelectric materials, which can make the reader understand preliminary works systematically and provide convenience for researchers to further study. Design/methodology/approach The review introduces working principle of piezoelectric sensor, structures and hardware design of plantar force measurement systems based on piezoelectric materials. The structures of sensors in plantar force measurement systems can be divided into four kinds, including monolayered sensor, multilayered sensor, tri-axial sensor and other sensor. The previous studies about plantar force measurement system based on piezoelectric technology are reviewed in detail, and their characteristics and performances are compared. Findings A good deal of measurement technologies have been studied by researchers to detect and analyze the plantar force. Among these measurement technologies, taking advantage of easy fabrication and high sensitivity, piezoelectric sensor is an ideal candidate sensing element. However, the number and arrangement of the sensors will influence the characteristics and performances of plantar force measurement systems. Therefore, it is necessary to further study plantar force measurement system for better performances. Originality/value So far, many plantar force measurement systems have been proposed, and several reviews already introduced plantar force measurement systems in the aspect of types of pressure sensors, experimental setups for foot pressure measurement analysis and the technologies used in plantar shear stress measurements. However, this paper reviews plantar force measurement systems based on piezoelectric materials. The structures of piezoelectric sensors in the measurement systems are discussed. Hardware design applied to measurement system is summarized. Moreover, the main point of further study is presented in this paper.

Footstep Power Generation

Piezoelectric energy harvesting is the new upcoming green and clean energy which works on piezoelectric principle. The lost energies are being captured and restored by the transducer and piezoelectric sensor in to a battery. The vibrations and motions caused by humans and machines will be used and stored in battery are being used by the small and low power electronic component and wireless technology, starts being to develop recently and so, necessary steps are taken to develop and find a new power source from harvesting technique. The power and energy from different sources are commonly used and simple power harvesting circuits will replace the power supplies which is currently used. These materials harvest small amount of energy which are ignored and wasted in the surrounding but this energy can be useful for powering the small electrical components in a system. The research made to accumulate the power through this method and sources so an estimate amount of energy can be produced and stored. At the end of this project, the outcomes should be a stable power source to charge a battery and light a bulb of small watt and further can be used for multiple tasks and applications. Keywords: Energy harvesting, Piezoelectric sensors, Solid works Analysis

Footstep Power Generation Using Piezoelectric Sensor

Man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for the sustenance and well-being since time immemorial. Due to this a lot of energy resources have been exhausted and wasted. Proposal for the utilization of waste energy of foot power with human locomotion is very much relevant and important for highly populated countries like India where the railway station, temples etc., are overcrowded all round the clock. When the flooring is engineered with piezo electric technology, the electrical energy produced by the pressure is captured by floor sensors and converted to an electrical charge by piezo transducers, then stored and used as a power source. And this power source has many applications as in agriculture, home application and street lighting and as energy source for sensors in remote locations. This paper is all about generating electricity when people walk on the Floor. Think about the forces you exert which is wasted when a person walks. The idea is to convert the weight energy to electrical energy The Power generating floor intends to trans- late the kinetic energy to the electrical power. Energy Crisis is the main issue of world these days. The motto of this research work is to face this crisis somehow. Though it won't meet the requirement of electricity but as a matter of fact if we are able to design a power generating floor that can produce 100W on just 12 steps, then for 120 steps we can produce 1000 Watt and if we install such type of 100 floors with this system then it can produce 1MegaWatt. Which itself is an achievement to make it significant. Keywords: Piezoelectric sensor, Footstep, remote location, force and pressure, power generation

Smart Seat

Smart Seat: When a person seats on a seat, certain amount of pressure is applied on it. If we install certain amount of piezoelectric sensor in a seat. With the help of pressure, we can generate voltage. Piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect, to measure changes in pressure, acceleration, temperature, strain, or force by converting them to an electrical charge. Using the sensor under the seat the pressure generated by a person seated on a chair can be sensed by sensor and generate electricity. Mainly piezoelectric material that can generate a voltage proportional to the stress applied upon it. This paper is based around this process. There will be springs attached under the seat also. When pressure is applied on the spring there will be equal pressure applied on a sensor which is attached in the bottom of every spring. With this we can generate a considerable amount of voltage to use it in future by storing it in a rechargeable battery. If the pressure is more applied on the sensor, then we can generate more voltage through the process. Keywords: Sensor, Battery, Piezoelectric, Seat, pressure.

Monitoring of Liquid Viscosity for Viscous Dampers through a Wireless Impedance Measurement System

Viscous dampers are a type of seismic damping equipment widely used in high-rise buildings and bridges. However, the viscosity of the damping fluid inside the viscous damper will change over time during its use, which significantly reduces the seismic performance of the viscous damper. Hence, it is necessary to monitor the viscosity of the fluid inside the damper over its service life. In this paper, a damping fluid viscosity monitoring method based on wireless impedance measurement technology is proposed. A piezoelectric sensor is installed in a damper cylinder specimen, and the viscosity of the damping fluid is determined by measuring the piezoelectric impedance value of the sensor. In this study, 10 samples of damping fluids with different viscosities are tested. In order to quantitatively correlate damping fluid viscosity and electrical impedance, a viscosity index (VI) based on the root mean square deviation (RMSD) is proposed. The experimental results show that the variation of the real part in the impedance signal can qualitatively determine the damping fluid viscosity while the proposed VI can effectively and quantitatively identify the damping fluid viscosity.

Swallowing Dynamics and Breathing-Swallowing Coordination Are Altered in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Postinspiratory activity, which is essential for laryngeal closure during swallowing to prevent aspiration of food into the airways, is reduced in a mouse model of tauopathy. Therefore, we hypothesized that patients at the stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) exhibit alterations in swallowing dynamics and coordination between swallowing and breathing. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We examined breathing-swallowing coordination in patients with MCI. Patients who scored ≥24 on the Mini-Mental State Examination and &#x3c;26 on the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment were recruited at Sumoto Itsuki Hospital. Parameters associated with breathing-swallowing coordination were assessed using a combination of two sensors: a respiratory flow sensor and a piezoelectric sensor attached to the skin surface of the anterior neck. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Nineteen patients met the criteria for MCI; 16 of these patients (79.5 ± 9.1 years old) scored &#x3c;3 on the 10-item Eating Assessment Tool and were enrolled in the study. Their data were compared with those of an age-matched elderly cohort (79.9 ± 2.9 years old). The frequencies of swallowing during inspiration and swallowing immediately followed by inspiration in patients with MCI were 6.9% and 9.6%, respectively; these frequencies were not significantly different from those of the age-matched elderly cohort. However, the timing of swallowing in the respiratory cycle was significantly delayed in the MCI patients, and both time from the onset to the peak of laryngeal elevation and the duration between the onset of rapid laryngeal elevation and the time when the larynx returned to the resting position were significantly lengthened in this group. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> At the stage of MCI, breathing-swallowing coordination has already started to decline.