Control of HIF-1α Levels Potentially Promotes the Tissue Repair in Various Conditions Through Target Gene Expression

Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that plays an important role in maintaining oxygen balance at both the cellular and systemic levels, and is associated with various controls in the body. HIF-1 is a heterodimer of alpha and beta subunits. Alpha subunits are mostly dependent on oxygen levels in the body. In many cancers, excessive HIF-1α is thought to be involved in the promotion of tumor growth and metastasis. In addition, in the induction of systemic hypoxia, there is an increase of HIF-1α in the heart, brain, and even the kidneys as an adaptation response to hypoxia. Several studies regarding HIF-1a expression in traumatic brain injury, found that HIF-1a increased immediately after TBI, and decreased significantly after 24 hours. This can be used as a basis for further research on HIF-1a control as an effort to stop tissue damage or even help tissue repair.

Survival of white blood cells of mice (Mus musculus L) on interval AD with CD post gamma radiation Co-60

One of the phenomena of the low-dose radiation effect is the radio adaptation response which is an important part of the response of molecules, cells, and body tissues to ionizing radiation. The phenomenon of radio adaptation response is a response that occurs when changes in gene expression can be induced by exposure to low doses of radiation (<0.5 Gy). Changes in the expression of this gene under certain circumstances serve to protect cells against the effects caused by subsequent exposure to higher doses of radiation, so this situation is known as an adaptive response or radio adaptation response. Cells can respond to very low doses of radiation with some changes in gene expression. Beginning with the administration of radiation to cells with a very low dose, known as the adaptation dose (AD), and then in a short period being given a larger dose of radiation, known as the challenge dose (CD), there was a decrease in the number of induced chromosome aberrations when compared to cells that were not irradiated at an adapted dose. The purpose of this study was to obtain a radiotherapy method that could show a reduction in the patient's dose.

Consilience in the Peripheral Sensory Adaptation Response

Measurements of the peripheral sensory adaptation response were compared to a simple mathematical relationship involving the spontaneous, peak, and steady-state activities. This relationship is based on the geometric mean and is found to be obeyed to good approximation in peripheral sensory units showing a sustained response to prolonged stimulation. From an extensive review of past studies, the geometric mean relationship is shown to be independent of modality and is satisfied in a wide range of animal species. The consilience of evidence, from nearly 100 years of experiments beginning with the work of Edgar Adrian, suggests that this is a fundamental result of neurophysiology.

The Polo kinase Cdc5 is regulated at multiple levels in the adaptation response to telomere dysfunction

Telomere dysfunction activates the DNA damage checkpoint to induce a cell cycle arrest. After an extended period of time, however, cells can bypass the arrest and undergo cell division despite the persistence of the initial damage, a process called adaptation to DNA damage. The Polo kinase Cdc5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for adaptation and for many other cell-cycle processes. How the regulation of Cdc5 in response to telomere dysfunction relates to adaptation is not clear. Here, we report that Cdc5 protein level decreases after telomere dysfunction in a Mec1-, Rad53- and Ndd1-dependent manner. This regulation of Cdc5 is important to maintain long-term cell cycle arrest but not for the initial checkpoint arrest. We find that both Cdc5 and the adaptation-deficient mutant protein Cdc5-ad are heavily phosphorylated and several phosphorylation sites modulate adaptation efficiency. The PP2A phosphatases are involved in Cdc5-ad phosphorylation status and contribute to adaptation mechanisms. We finally propose that Cdc5 orchestrates multiple cell cycle pathways to promote adaptation.

Phenotypic Switching of B16F10 Melanoma Cells as a Stress Adaptation Response to Fe3O4/Salicylic Acid Nanoparticle Therapy

Melanoma is a melanocyte-derived skin cancer that has a high heterogeneity due to its phenotypic plasticity, a trait that may explain its ability to survive in the case of physical or molecular aggression and to develop resistance to therapy. Therefore, the therapy modulation of phenotypic switching in combination with other treatment modalities could become a common approach in any future therapeutic strategy. In this paper, we used the syngeneic model of B16F10 melanoma implanted in C57BL/6 mice to evaluate the phenotypic changes in melanoma induced by therapy with iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with salicylic acid (SaIONs). The results of this study showed that the oral administration of the SaIONs aqueous dispersion was followed by phenotypic switching to highly pigmented cells in B16F10 melanoma through a cytotoxicity-induced cell selection mechanism. The hyperpigmentation of melanoma cells by the intra- or extracellular accumulation of melanic pigment deposits was another consequence of the SaIONs therapy. Additional studies are needed to assess the reversibility of SaIONs-induced phenotypic switching and the impact of tumor hyperpigmentation on B16F10 melanoma's progression and metastasis abilities.

Strengths and problems of families in contact with child protective services during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: The study investigates the dynamics within families in contact with child protective services in reaction to the Covid-19 pandemic as perceived by social workers. Based on the Family Adjustment and Adaptation Response (FAAR) model, strengths and problems are outlined. Background: Following the first lockdown of public life in March 2020, concerns about children’s well-being have been raised. Practitioners and scientists alike worried that particularly children in families with multiple problems would suffer severe abuse and neglect. However, it remains unclear how these families have actually been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic and the measures to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Method: Child protection caseworkers from 40 child and youth welfare authorities across Germany were interviewed twice via telephone. The first interview was conducted during summer 2020, and the second interview two months later. Caseworkers were questioned about their professional experience in their daily work since March 2020. Moreover, they provided information on the perceived effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on families in contact with child protective services. Results: The interviews were analyzed using content analyses. Six overall challenges for families were identified. Families reacted differently to these. The caseworkers reported problems in families like increased parental conflict, media use, and alcohol consumption during the first lockdown. Nevertheless in some families, the caseworkers also perceived there to be less stress and tension during the lockdown in March 2020 due to fewer school requirements. Furthermore, some families were able to establish routines, activate resources, and find solutions for problems on their own. At the time of the second interview, some families’ problems had increased, particularly regarding children’s difficulties at school due to insufficient homeschooling. Conclusion: The results show that the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on child protection families are positive and negative. Some are resourceful in the face of adversities, and others show an aggravation of problems. The results are discussed in light of findings on family dynamics during the Covid-19 pandemic in other countries.