Groundwater Vulnerability towards Pollution in Area Around the Piyungan Landfill, Bantul Regency, D. I. Yogyakarta

The Piyungan landfill is located in Bantul Regency, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, still uses an open dumping system. The open dumping system produced more quantity of leachate from other systems. Leachate spreads to the ground and seeps into the ground to the groundwater surface. These conditions have an impact on the environment. This study aims to assess the groundwater vulnerability to leachate contamination in the area around the Piyungan landfill. The research method used is survey and mapping, and data analysis is carried out using the Le Grand method. Geographic Information System (GIS) is also used to visualize data into maps. The Le Grand method considers as many as 5 physical environmental parameters, including the groundwater depth, absorption above ground, aquifer permeability, groundwater slope, and horizontal distance of wells with pollutant sources. Next, scoring is carried out for each of these parameters, and then a groundwater vulnerability map is made using the overlay method. The results of the study were three classes of the potential vulnerability of groundwater pollutions. That were large pollution potential (may or may be polluted), medium pollution potential (maybe polluted but slightly), and small pollution potential (very difficult to pollute).

Abnormal aerosol air pollution in Moscow near the local anthropogenic source in July 2021

The paper analyzes the composition of surface aerosol close to the local intense anthropogenic source of pollution associated with the active phase of demolition of multistorey buildings in the center of Moscow. An abnormal increase in the daytime PM10 aerosol particle concentration to 5 MPC for daily values and to 14 MPC for maximum single values was reinforced by unfavorable meteorological conditions in the middle of July 2021. Preliminary estimation of the power of the dust aerosol source and its effect on the aerosol air pollution in nearby areas of the city is performed. The extreme and background values of the aerosol mass concentration, its elemental composition and particle size distribution during this period are determined. It is necessary to take into account such point pollutant sources in estimating and forecasting environmental conditions in a densely populated city. Keywords: surface aerosol, local anthropogenic source, Moscow, aerosol mass concentration, elemental composition, meteorological conditions

Abnormal aerosol air pollution in Moscow near the local anthropogenic source in July 2021

The paper analyzes the composition of surface aerosol close to the local intense anthropogenic source of pollution associated with the active phase of demolition of multistorey buildings in the center of Moscow. An abnormal increase in the daytime PM10 aerosol particle concentration to 5 MPC for daily values and to 14 MPC for maximum single values was reinforced by unfavorable meteorological conditions in the middle of July 2021. Preliminary estimation of the power of the dust aerosol source and its effect on the aerosol air pollution in nearby areas of the city is performed. The extreme and background values of the aerosol mass concentration, its elemental composition and particle size distribution during this period are determined. It is necessary to take into account such point pollutant sources in estimating and forecasting environmental conditions in a densely populated city. Keywords: surface aerosol, local anthropogenic source, Moscow, aerosol mass concentration, elemental composition, meteorological conditions

Pencemaran Air dan Penentuan Titik Self-Purification Sungai di Kabupaten Banjar

The self-purification capacity is an important indicator for a healthy river. Organic and inorganic pollutants from various pollutant sources, both point sources, and non-point sources, in most rivers in Banjar Regency, cause a decrease in river water quality. This study aims to identify the distribution of river water quality pollution in Banjar Regency as the upstream of the Martapura River and determine the point of self-purification. A sampling of river water using the purposive sampling technique, taking into account the criteria for pollutant sources and the distance of pollution. The results of the concentration values were analyzed using a trend analysis technique, which connected the value of the concentration of pollutant elements with the distance of pollution to identify the distribution of pollution, and to determine the distance of purification. The results showed that the self-purification ability (pH and DO) decreased in concentration at all observation points.

A review on emerging micropollutants: sources, environmental concentration and toxicity

Every minute, the environment is filled with pollutants of various types, including physical, chemical, and biological. A new threat has emerged in recent years due to human activity, which is of significant concern. These pollutants are not like conventional pollutants but can alter the physiology of living things, and hence these are named emerging pollutants. The pollutant sources include crop protection chemicals, personal care products, antimicrobial mixtures, active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). These compounds are biologically crucial because their minute quantity can also disrupt an individual's endocrine system, and hence they are also called endocrine disruptors. This current work reviews many aspects, including source, problems, and legislative solutions that have been farmed to cope with the current situation of emerging micropollutants.

Determination of load capacity of BOD pollutant in Cisadane River with Qual2kw model & its effect on DO parameters

The research to determine the carrying capacity of pollutant loads in the middle to downstream Cisadane River segment started from Jl. Teuku Umar, Tangerang and ends at Muara Tanjung Burung, Tangerang Regency with a research time starting from March – June 2021. Increased land-use change due to human and industrial activities so that population growth and limited residential land make watersheds a target for land conversion. The purpose of this study is to identify sources of pollutants that have the potential to contaminate the Cisadane River in the middle to downstream segments, analyze water quality and pollutant load capacity, the Cisadane River in the middle to downstream segments along 34 km. The method used for identification of pollutant sources is carried out by conducting field surveys, water quality analysis is carried out by SNI and compared with quality standards according to Peraturan Pemerintah No. 22 of 2021, as well as analysis of the Pollutant Load Capacity (PLC) BOD and DO using the QUAL2Kw model. The results of identifying potential pollutant sources in the middle to a downstream segment of the Cisadane River are dominated by settlements, agriculture, industry, and other domestic activities, namely restaurants and stalls. The results of water quality analysis for BOD parameters ranged from 2.51 mg/L - 5.1 mg/L, and DO range from 5.4 mg/L – 7,2 mg/L. BOD parameters from all points 1-2 meet the quality standard class 2 (3 mg/L) & points 4-6 do not meet the quality standard. The DO parameter is still in good condition because the more significant the DO value, the waters are in good condition. The high levels of BOD in the Cisadane River are influenced by domestic waste that enters the river, and the land is dominated by built-up spaces as settlements, schools, hotels and malls. Land use around the river is very influential on the load of pollutants that enter the river. The lowest DTBP of the Cisadane River for BOD is 22497,9 kg/day, and the highest is 33201,6 kg/day. The decrease in the concentration of BOD load must be lowered in the Cisadane River by 29% - 42%.

Air Quality Assessment of a School in an Industrialized Area of Southern Italy

In this study, simultaneous monitoring of indoor and outdoor Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) was carried out in a school, by both Radiello® cartridges and real-time monitors (Corvus, IonScience Ltd., Fowlmere UK). Moreover, an outdoor air quality assessment was performed with data from an air quality monitoring station (ARPA Puglia) located close to the school. In particular, VOCs, Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xilenes concentrations, obtained by using Radiello® diffusive samplers, were monitored in two classrooms, two bathrooms, and outside of the school building for three weeks during winter 2019. Simultaneously, the Total VOC (TVOC) concentrations were measured by means of real-time monitors inside and outside the classroom in order to individuate the activation of sources during the sampling campaign days. The results evidence that indoor TVOC concentrations were bigger than those outdoors; this suggests the presence of indoor pollutant sources, both in the classrooms and the bathrooms. The results of our study can help the school management by the following recommendations: increasing ventilation in classrooms during school activities and after cleaning; involving students in discussions regarding the use of acrylic paints, permanent markers, perfumes and deodorants, and the limitation of smoking activities both in bathrooms and outdoor spaces.

A Preliminary Study of the Physico-Chemical Parameters and Potential Pollutant Sources in Urban Lake Rawa Besar, Depok, Indonesia

Lake Rawa Besar is an urban lake surrounded by dense settlements and commercial areas that are currently experiencing physical and ecological pressures due to uncontrolled land-use change around the lake. Therefore, this preliminary study aimed to investigate the sustainable management of the lake in order to create a recreational destination area. It was carried out by ascertaining the lake water quality status through the analysis of the physical and chemical parameters and identifying the potential pollutant sources due to land use and human activities. The physical parameters include TDS, TSS, Turbidity, while the chemical parameters include Nitrate-N, Total Phosphate-P, and BOD. Furthermore, field surveys on 30 water samples were conducted once at noon and statistical analysis was used to ascertain the correlation between the physical and chemical parameters. Finally, Geographic Information System (GIS) tools were used to investigate the spatial distribution of the Physico-chemical parameters and the potential pollutant sources. The results showed that based on the six parameters of the water quality status, the lake was lightly polluted. It also showed that three parameters such as Turbidity, BOD, and TSS exceed the permissible limit with 93.3, 66.7, 43.7% of the total samples, respectively. Additionally, a strong correlation existed between BOD and Turbidity with r=0.95, while a medium correlation existed between Nitrate-N and Phosphate-P with r=0.40. The spatial distribution of the concentration of the physico-chemical parameters generally had a varied pattern, however, Turbidity and BOD had a similar pattern, especially in the bank areas. Finally, domestic and organic wastes were indicated as pollutant sources, which increased eutrophication in the lake.