Boron Efficient Sugar Beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) Variety Relieve The Symptoms of Boron Deficiency By Enhancing The Antioxidation And Boron Utilization Capacity of The Root System

(Aims) Sugar beet is one of the most sensitive crops to boron and boron deficiency inhibits the root growth and causes hollow symptoms in beets. However, how the roots of boron efficient sugar beet variety adapt to the morphology, physiological, and transcriptome mechanisms of boron deficiency are rarely reported. (Method) Thus, the present study was carried out with B efficient sugar beet variety (H, KWS1197) and B inefficient variety (L, KWS0143), and two B levels i.e., B0.1 (0.1 μM H3BO3, deficiency) and B50 (50 μM H3BO3, control) were designed for hydroponic experiment. (Result) Boron deficiency reduced the total root length, root forks, and root biomass of sugar beet. Compared with L variety, H variety have higher boron transport coefficient, boron distribution ratio above ground, peroxidase and catalase activities, lower malondialdehyde content and reactive oxygen species accumulation. Transcriptome data showed that the two comparison groups, HB0.1 vs HB50 and LB0.1 vs LB50, were enriched for 537 and 257 differentially expressed genes, respectively. The H variety mainly induced and regulated the GO term enrichment associated with antioxidant and stress resistance. On the contrary, the L variety induced cell death and negative regulation of biological and metabolic processes. (Conclusion) B efficient variety specifically up-regulated boron deficiency response genes to activate the antioxidant enzyme system, promoted rational root configuration, and enhance plant growth anti-oxidation and resistance to boron deficiency. The results of this study serve as a theoretical basis of screening candidate genes that respond to boron deficiency and adaptation mechanism of boron deficiency.

Farklı Dozlarda Fosfor Uygulamasının Şeker pancarı (Beta Vulgaris L.) Bitkisinin Verimine ve Besin Elementleri Alımına Etkisi

In this study, the effect of different phosphorus doses application on the yield and nutrient uptake of sugar beet plant was investigated under field condition. The study was carried out in Sivas province in 3 replications according to the randomized plot design and Valentina was used as the sugar beet variety. Phosphorus doses were; 0 kg P da-1, 15 kg P da-1, 30 kg P da-1 and applied as triple super phosphate (TSP). Leaf samples were taken approximately 80 days after the planting of sugar beet plant, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) concentrations and yield were determined at harvest. Research results indicated that the yield increased depending on the increasing phosphorus doses and the highest yield was obtained at 30 kg P da-1 dose with 8151.0 kg da-1. In addition, the highest nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations were found at 30 kg P da-1 dose (4.77% N, 0.74% P and 2.39% K, respectively). However, the research found that calcium and magnesium concentrations decreased with increasing phosphorus doses. While only iron concentration among microelements increased with phosphorus applications, zinc, manganese and copper concentrations decreased due to increasing phosphorus doses.

Effect of Sugar Beet Variety and Nonhost Plant on Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2IIIB Soil Inoculum Potential Measured in Soil DNA Extracts

A direct soil DNA extraction method from soil samples (250 g) was applied for detection of the soilborne sugar-beet-infecting pathogen Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG) 2-2IIIB using a newly developed real-time polymerase chain reaction assay that showed specificity to AG2-2IIIB when tested against various R. solani AG. The assay showed a good relation between cycle threshold and amount of AG2-2IIIB sclerotia detected in three spiked field soils and was also able to detect the pathogen in naturally infested field soil samples. A field trial was conducted to quantify R. solani AG2-2IIIB soil inoculum potential (IP) before and after growing a susceptible and a resistant sugar beet variety as well as after subsequent growth of an expected nonhost winter rye. Plants of the susceptible sugar beet variety displayed a higher disease severity. A more than sixfold increase of the R. solani AG2-2IIIB soil IP was observed in contrast to the resistant variety that resulted in a constant IP. Growing winter rye significantly reduced soil IP to the initial level at sowing. Further research is required to better understand the interaction between disease occurrence and soil IP as well as the environmental influence on IP development.

The influence of harvest date and crop treatment on the production of two different sugar beet variety types

In a four-year trial, the effect was evaluated of the harvest time on the production of two different sugar beet variety types (the Z-type variety Elan and the NE-type variety Epos) grown in three patterns – 1. check pattern, 2. fertilisation with50 kgN/ha, 3. fertilisation with50 kgN/ha + fungicide treatment. Sugar beet was harvested in two terms: at the beginning of the beet processing season, and four weeks later. The differences between the varieties became apparent mainly at the later harvest time. The root yields of the NE-type variety Epos were higher at the later harvest by the average 4.35 t/ha (statistically significant, α = 0.01) while its sugar content was lower by 0.3% (α = 0.05) than in the Z-type variety Elan. The postponement of the harvest time increased the root yields of both varieties by the average 10.47 t/ha (i.e. by 17.9%, α = 0.01). The effect of the harvest time on the sugar content was dependent on the year. Due to retrovegetation following the rainfalls after a prolonged dry period in the year 2000, the sugar content decreased at the later harvest time by 1.68% in absolute figures (or by 8.35% rel., α = 0.01). The content of molassigenic substances in sugar beet roots varied according to the year rather than to the factors followed. The white sugar yields increased at the later harvest by the average 1.57 t/ha (or by 16.9%, α = 0.01). The average increment of sugar for each day of the postponed harvest was 58.2 kg/ha (or 0.63%). The effect of nitrogen fertilisation and fungicide treatment on the sugar beet production became apparent at the later harvest time. Fertilisation with50 kgN/ha + fungicide treatment increased the root yields by 1.07 t/ha (or by 10.32%, α = 0.01) in comparison with the pattern without nitrogen fertilisation and fungicide treatment. Spraying with fungicide itself increased the sugar yields by 0.81 t/ha (or by 7.81%, α = 0.01) in comparison with the pattern equally fertilised but not treated with fungicide.