Legal Pluralism and Science and Technology Studies: Exploring Sources of the Legal Pluriverse

In introducing the contributions to this special section, we explore the links between social and juridical concepts of normativity and science and technology. We follow the Legal Pluralism challenge to the notion of state law as the sole source of normative order and point to how technological transformation creates a pluralistic legal universe that takes on new shapes under conditions of globalization. We promote a science and technology studies (STS)-inspired reworking of Legal Pluralism and suggest expanding the portfolio of legally effective regimes of ordering to include the normativity generated by materiality and technology. This normativity is amply demonstrated in the case studies included in the papers which make up this special section. We conclude that the inclusion of approaches developed in STS research helps analytically to overcome what we view as an incomplete law project, one unable to deal with the technicized lifeworlds of a global modernity. The contributions to this special section illustrate that technomaterial change cannot be understood without recognition of the role of normative impacts, and conversely, the legal pluriverse cannot be understood without recognition of the normative role of techno-material arrangements.

Augment Human Resource Proximity Plumbing Cybernation

The expeditious proliferation of artificial intelligence in the mainstream has rejigged the simplest processes of the various sectors in the most efficient way. With the advent of the era of cybernation, the work culture has been curbed with the timely developments and upgradation of the technology. Cybernation has propelled the growth of every respective sector of the vast corporate diaspora with time. The main aim of the cybernation being that of smoothening the complex, bulk tasks which exploit mass human energy, has seen much success in its purpose so far. But certain domains of the corporate diaspora still await the technological transformation of their respective processes. One such prominent domain and the real fuel of the corporate diaspora, the human resource has yet to expand its purview to imbibe and imbue cybernation in its certain processes. Human resource domain being the custodian of the corporate, wherein it is for the people and by the people though with the niche of Industry 4.0 beholds more space to expand the angle of understanding the term resource for the human, than human as an element of resource in itself. Multifarious human resource processes can be enhanced further with apt utility of digitization in order to optimize the user interface and user experience, boosting the overall employee experience amidst the corporate. Several certain customary functions of the human resources entail the adaptation of automation in more nuanced way to evolve parallel with the digitalization. Moreover, the millennial era further looks up to a transformed human resource with higher echelons of functions to be performed, digitally evolved jobs, an automated work environment, work culture well acquainted with the artificial intelligence. The effect of cybernation on the business acumen of futuristic human resource leaders, working in the rapid concurrent era of disruptions, without losing the human touch, will carve the future human resource structure. Therefore, the intent of this chapter is to study the detailed implications of automation, digitalization, and cybernation in the domain of human resources and to study and examine the dynamically changing HR functions with technological interventions and disruptions by proposing a literature review.

Entrepreneurs, Enterprises and Innovation in Pécs (1850–1914)

The purpose of the study. To examine how the 19th century economic modernisation (Western type of industrialisation, technological transformation and the birth of the manufacturing industry) unfolded in Central Europe; and more importantly in Hungary, at Pécs, and what technological innovations were created by local entrepreneurs. Applied methods. Literature review including the history of the manufacturing industry. We involved sources from monographies, employment and census records, reminiscences and our own data from researches of archives. The research framework is the history of distinct businesses. We introduced five businesses whose economic effects influenced the operations of Pécs in the long run. We made a structural analysis examining the entrepreneur and its business together. Outcomes. The Austrian First-Danube-Steamboat-Shipping Company (DDSG) became the largest works in the city by starting intensive coal mining and creating modern technological background since 1852. It employed four thousand souls at the beginning of the 20th century and the city profited a lot from its developments (railway construction and electric power plant). The Zsolnay Porcelain Manufactory quickly became the synonym of Pécs. Vilmos Zsolnay ended up being a world famous entrepreneur because of his technological innovations (eosin, pyrogranite, etc…) and products. The term “Glove of Pécs” came alive in the ages of the dual monarchy. János Hamerli founded the first glove manufacturing plant in the country. The Angster Organs have played for hundred and fifty years. The company founded by József Angster emerged at the end of the 19th century and represented state of art technology.

Tekoäly, koneoppiminen ja teknologinen murros:

Tekoälyn ja erityisesti uudet koneoppimisen tekniikat ovat teknologisen murroksen keskeisiä ajureita. Tänä päivänä koneoppiminen on myös yhä enemmän sulautumassa osaksi kehollista ja materiaalista maailmaa sekä vuorovaikutusta. Antureiden, verkkoyhteyksien ja tietokoneohjelmistojen kautta rakennukset, esineet ja tekstiilit ovat muuttumassa älykkäiden esineiden ja toimintojen verkostoiksi. Virtuaalisen, materiaalisen ja kehollisuuden uudenlainen kohtaaminen tarjoaa myös ennennäkemättömiä mahdollisuuksia sekä haasteita koneoppimisen sekä datalähtöisen suunnittelun ja innovoinnin tukemiseen kouluopetuksessa. Tämän artikkelin tavoitteena on rakentaa näkökulmia datatoimijuuteen sekä datalähtöiseen design-ajatteluun koneoppimisen muovaamassa maailmassa. Artikkeli esittelee digitaalisen, materiaalisen sekä kehollisuuden uudenlaisia mahdollisuuksia sekä riskejä, joka tuo koneoppimisen ajamaan murrokseen liittyviä näkökulmia osaksi käsityön ja teknologiakasvatuksen tulevaisuudesta käytävää tieteellistä ja julkista keskustelua. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and technological transformation: Towards data agency and design skills for the future Abstract Artificial intelligence, and especially new machine learning technologies, are key drivers of technological breakthroughs. Today, machine learning is also increasingly merging into the physical and material world as well as into social interaction. Buildings, artifacts, and textiles are transforming into networks of smart objects and activities through sensors, network connectivity, and computer software. These novel encounters of virtual, material, and bodily interactions also offer unprecedented opportunities and challenges to enhance understandings of machine learning and data-driven design in school education. This article aims to build perspectives on data agency and data-driven design needed in the age of machine learning. It also provides perspectives on the blurring boundaries of virtual, material, and physical worlds and in a manner that brings the breakthrough of machine learning into the scientific and public discussion about the future of craft and technology education. Keywords: artificial intelligence, machine learning, data-driven design, technology education, skills for the future

THE UPGRADE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EFFICIENCY AND TECHNOLOGIC TRANSFORMATION OF ACCOUNTANT SPECIALIZATION

В статье исследуется тема разработки многофункциональной автоматизированной системы эффективного управления персоналом бухгалтерской службы банка с применением экономико-математического моделирования. The article studies the creating of the multifunctional automated personnel efficient management system of bank’s accounting staff based the economic and mathematical modeling. The author describes the relevance and feasibility of this task due to technological transformation of accountant functions.

Promising Aspects of Economic Development of Industry in the Siberian Regions of Russia

According to many analysts, the modern digital technological transformation of the economy, both at the macro level and at the level of industrial enterprises, has a deep character and is aimed at establishing a new global economic structure. Programming at the level of international, climate, anti-pandemic, sanctional, technological, military-political and other agreements to reduce the level of production and consumption in accordance with the principles of sustainable development determines the prospect of transformations in industry, including in the raw materials sector. A significant part of the industrial companies of the Siberian regions belongs to the field of raw materials extraction, which forms new guidelines in the new technological conditions, both in personnel and technical areas. Large-scale introduction and application of a new generation of equipment that meets modern environmental standards requires accelerated training of a significant number of professional personnel. In fact, the education system, which should ensure the educational process of a high strategic status, both in scale and in terms of engineering and technical level, requires a systemic transformation based on the principles of digital technological innovations. The release of a significant number of workers, both representatives of the working professions and the intellectuals, which is happening and threatening to intensify, in the light of the ongoing contraction of the economy, will require the formation of millions of new jobs. This fillip, aimed at the development of small industrial forms of production of end-use goods, is able to provide employment for the population, as well as an increase in the level and quality of life in export-raw materials regions with the support from the state. The creation and development of engineering, technical and technological business franchises with the formation of a large retail network representing the goods of "industrial farms" are promising in this aspect. The upcoming steps of digital technological transformation require a comprehensive balanced scientific understanding, the development of appropriate justifications and recommendations.

Digital transformation in the construction industry: a bibliometric review

Purpose The construction industry has been traditionally referred to as slow when it comes to technological transformation. This study aims to investigate and present a scorecard of the construction industry in the past decade, the paper adopted Bibliometrics. The study identified the various digital transformation (DT) aspects in the construction industry and future research directions are also identified. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the aim of this research, an inductive approach was adopted through a grounded theory strategy. Secondary data was retrieved from the Scopus database and analysed using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer. The data was retrieved through specific keywords related to the study focus. Findings The study also proposed a balanced flow model for DT discussion in the construction industry. DT in the construction industry disrupts every aspect of the industry, albeit at different rates due to the existing barriers; hence, the study identified areas that require further research. It, thus, provides a theoretical and practical basis for researchers and practitioners alike. Originality/value The study reviewed the DT research discuss in the construction industry. It is worthy of note that this is the first study that analyses the DT of the construction industry in the past decade.

Universities’ Scientific and Technological Transformation in China: Its Efficiency and Influencing Factors in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Universities are important sources of knowledge and key members of the regional innovation system. The key problem in Chinese universities is the low efficiency of the scientific and technological (S&T) transformation, which limits the promotion of regional innovation and economic development. This article proposes the three-stage efficiency analytical framework, which regards it as a complex and interactive process. Avoiding the problem of considering the input and output of university S&T transformation as a “black box” and neglecting the links among different transformation stages. The super efficiency network SBM model is applied to the heterogeneous region of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Empirical research proves that university S&T transformation has not been effectively improved and the scientific resources invested in universities have not been efficiently utilized in recent years. Generally, Despite the correlation between regional economy and transformation efficiency, the exclusive increase in resources is not enough. Regional openness and the quality of research talents are key factors for the application of technological innovation and technology marketization. Universities should not only pursue the number of research outputs but pay more attention to high-quality knowledge production to overcome difficulties in research achievements transformation.

The application of Industry 4.0 technologies in sustainable logistics: a systematic literature review (2012–2020) to explore future research opportunities

Nowadays, the market competition becomes increasingly fierce due to diversified customer needs, stringent environmental requirements, and global competitors. One of the most important factors for companies to not only survive but also thrive in today’s competitive market is their logistics performance. This paper aims, through a systematic literature analysis of 115 papers from 2012 to 2020, at presenting quantitative insights and comprehensive overviews of the current and future research landscapes of sustainable logistics in the Industry 4.0 era. The results show that Industry 4.0 technologies provide opportunities for improving the economic efficiency, environmental performance, and social impact of logistics sectors. However, several challenges arise with this technological transformation, i.e., trade-offs among different sustainability indicators, unclear benefits, lifecycle environmental impact, inequity issues, and technology maturity. Thus, to better tackle the current research gaps, future suggestions are given to focus on the balance among different sustainability indicators through the entire lifecycle, human-centric technological transformation, system integration and digital twin, semi-autonomous transportation solutions, smart reverse logistics, and so forth.

Technological Transformation Processes and Resistance—On the Conflict Potential of 5G Using the Example of 5G Network Expansion in Germany

The expansion of fifth-generation wireless technology (5G) has been assigned the significance of a ‘key technology’ in connection with technological advances in the context of the digitalization of societies, which is a central goal of current governments in leading industrialized nations. As with other large-scale infrastructure projects such as the expansion of renewable energies as part of the energy transition in Germany, the plans for implementation are meeting with great resistance from the population, sometimes resulting in arson attacks on 5G transmission masts. Current research on 5G focuses primarily on technical­–economic, health-related and, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, increasingly conspiracy-theoretical aspects, while questions of acceptance or conflict potential have received little attention to date. This article aims to address this research gap and, on the basis of a conflict-theoretical perspective according to Dahrendorf combined with a socio-economic contextualization in the sense of Bourdieu, approaches the question of the extent to which social conflict has already progressed and what regulatory possibilities socio-economic contexts assume in terms of significance. For this purpose, about 70 identifiable internet presences of citizens’ initiatives against 5G were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated.