Nomenclatural remarks on Iris orientalis (Iridaceae) and four related names including the Linnaean I. ochroleuca

Nomenclature issues of irises associated with the Turkish flora are discussed. In particular, Iris orientalis and four related names, I. ochroleuca, I. monnieri, I. gigantea, and I. albida, are typified. Lectotypes are designated for I. orientalis, I. monnieri, I. gigantea, and I. albida; a neotype for the Linnaean name I. ochroleuca is designated. Also, further support is provided for the suggestions that I. monnieri is a synonym to I. orientalis, and the author citation of the name I. monnieri is Redouté.

Maxent modeling for predicting the potential distribution of Arbutus andrachne L. belonging to climate change in Turkey.

Arbutus andrachne L., the strawberry tree, is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the Turkish flora and has broad uses. The wood is used for decorative purposes, packaging, and manufacturing furniture. The fruits are edible and used in treating many kinds of diseases. However, global warming might affect the abundance of this symbolic plant's distribution, especially at higher latitudes. This study was conducted to determine the expected effects of climate change on A. andrachne. For this purpose, Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 were used to expect climate change scenarios for 2050 and 2070, and potential distribution areas of A. andrachne were presented. The results indicated that the distribution of A. andrachne would decrease in the southern regions of Turkey. However, the spread of the species could be expanded in the western and northern areas. It is also expected that there would be potential habitat losses, which would affect the distribution of A. andrachne.

Lectotypification of the name Chamaemelum heterolepis, the basionym of Tripleurospermum heterolepis and taxonomic notes on T. tempskyanum (Asteraceae)

Tripleurospermum heterolepis (? Chamaemelum heterolepis), whose specimens are referred to as syntypes, is a narrow Turkish endemic species assessed as Critically Endangered according to the IUCN categories. Tripleurospermum tempskyanum (? Chamaemelum tempskyanum) is known as endemic to Greece, but is also distributed in Turkey. In this study, the name C. heterolepis is lectotypified on a specimen deposited at LD. Additionally, a description of T. tempskyanum in the Turkish flora is presented, and its conservation status is indicated. The diagnostic morphological characters which distinguish T. tempskyanum from its close relatives are discussed.

Typification of some Oncocyclus (Iris, Iridaceae) names related to the Turkish flora

In view of the forthcoming treatment of Turkish irises for Resimli Türkiye Florasi (The Illustrated Flora of Turkey), twenty names belonging to Iris sect. Oncocyclus are typified, or nomenclatural notes provided. Lectotypes are designated here for I. chrysantha, I. maculata, I. manissadjianii, I. medwedewii, I. paradoxa var. choschab, and I. sprengeri. A second-step lectotypification for I. heylandiana is provided. Neotypes for the names I. elisabethae, I. gatesii, I. lupina, I. polakii, I. speciosissima, and I. urmiensis are designated. Epitypes for the names I. maculata, I. paradoxa var. choschab, I. sprengeri, and I. sari are designated. For the previously typified names, the lectotypes of I. barnumiae, I. elegantissima, I. iberica, I. lycotis and I. paradoxa, and the holotypes of I. kirkwoodiae and I. sari, are indicated. Authorships of the names for I. iberica and I. urmiensis are corrected.

The genus Matricaria L. (Asteraceae) in Turkey

In this study, a report on the genus Matricaria in Turkey is provided based on floristic studies. Previously recorded taxa are compared with new ones from our collections. Four taxa of Matricaria in Turkish flora are recognized: M. aurea, M. chamomilla var. chamomilla, M. chamomilla var. recutita and M. matricarioides. On the other hand, M. chamomilla var. coronata is an erroneous record for the flora of Turkey. Diagnostic morphological characters together with data on phenology, habitat and distribution as well as dichotomous keys for Matricaria taxa are presented. Proportions of various phytogeographical elements of Matricaria taxa in Turkey are provided.

Scrophularia vernalis: a new species record for Turkey, and its comparison with S. chrysantha (Scrophulariaceae)

Scrophularia vernalis (Scrophulariaceae) is recorded from Artvin province (NE of Turkey), which constitutes its first record for the Turkish flora. In this study, an expanded morphological description, geographical distribution, habitat characteristics and ecological features of the species are shown with illustrative figures. Moreover, the pollen and seed morphological characteristics of S. vernalis are determined for the first time and compared with the closely related species S. chrysantha. With this species, the total number of the Scrophularia taxa in Turkey is now 77.

Morphoanatomical study of Matricaria L. (Asteraceae) in Turkey

In the Turkish flora, the genus Matricaria is present with four taxa, namely M. aurea, M. chamomilla var. chamomilla, M. chamomilla var. recutita and M. matricarioides. This study presents an evaluation of selected diagnostic characters and anatomical traits of the achene (cypsela) of Matricaria in Turkey using univariate analysis (one-way analysis of variance) and multivariate analysis (cluster analysis, principal component analysis) to obtain new information. Three groups are found within the genus Matricaria based on morphoanatomical characteristics. The colour of disc florets, that of ribs on the achenes, the presence or absence of a slime envelope and pericarp thickness are useful for delimitation of Matricaria taxa, and a key to taxa based on these characters together with other diagnostic traits is provided.

Contributions to Turkish Flora: Taxonomic and distributional notes on the poorly known Noccaea (Brassicaceae) species

Herein the taxonomical status of some poorly known Noccaea (Brassicaceae) species is revised. Moreover, the morphological, distributional and ecological properties of these species are updated. Some overlooked species in Turkey such as Noccaea versicolor and N. aptera are recollected and their descriptions emended and discussed. N. huber-morathii is also recollected from its type locality after its first collection. The description and distribution of N. huber-morathii are also updated. New distribution areas for N. tatiaae and N. aghrica, which have been insufficiently known species in Turkey, are also given.

Allium urusakiorum (Amaryllidaceae), a new member of the Balkan clade of the section Oreiprason from European Turkey

The taxonomy of the Allium saxatile group (sect. Oreiprason) has been studied recently upon morphological and molecular data. New specimens collected from the European part of Turkey near the Istranca Mountains and identified as ‘A. saxatile’ proved to be a new species confirmed by sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and two plastid DNA regions (rpl32–trnL and trnL–trnF) and supported by morphological characters. Allium urusakiorum, a new species from the A. saxatile group, is described here through living and herbarium specimens. It is the only species of the sect. Oreiprason in the country and seems to be an endemic species of the Turkish flora. Characteristics of the species include morphological description, identification key, molecular dataset, and karyotype (2n = 16).