Design and Development of River Floating Cleaner

This research aims to design and make floating river cleaner, a floating boat model as automatic garbage collector to counter accumulation of garbage in the lake which has no flow effectively and efficiently. The method of implementation is design and construction. This method includes the identification of needs, analysis of the components required specifically, hardware and software engineering, developing, and testing. In this project the proposed concept is to replace the manual work in lake or lake cleaning by automated system. Now-a-days even though automation plays a vital role in all industrial applications in the proper disposal of sewages from industries and commercials are still a challenging task. To overcome this problem and to save human life we have implemented a design called "Floating Lake cleaner". We designed our project to use this in efficient way to control the disposal of wastages and with regular filtration of wastages, clearance of gaseous substance are treated separately and monitor the disposal in frequent manner.

Computational Investigating Fe-Doped Coronone Surface for Adsorption of Hydrogen Sulfide Gaseous Substance

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas adsorption at the surface of iron (Fe)-doped model of coronene was investigated in this work by means of performing density functional theory (DFT) calculations. First, pure coronene and Fe-doped models were examined regarding the electronic and structural features. Next, different starting positions of H2S molecule at the surface were examined during optimization processes yielded two conformational relaxations of H2S-A and H2S-B models. Various features of molecular and atomic scales were evaluated for the optimized modes to describe details of such adsorption processes, in which the results introduced the H2S-A model more proper for the complex formation of H2S and Fe-doped coronene. Interestingly, variations of molecular orbital levels could help diagnose opportunities for detecting the H2S adsorbed model in addition to determining each of the A and B models. Consequently, a Fe-doped coronene surface could be proposed for proper adsorption of H2S gaseous substance with removal and diagnosis purposes.

A review of the synthesis of nitric oxide donor and donor derivatives with pharmacological activities

: Abstract Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) is an important effector molecule and signal transduction molecule, which participates in the regulation of multiple functions in organisms, involving a variety of physiological and pathological processes, especially playing a very important role in the cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. NO is a gaseous substance with a short half-life in the body and is unstable in aqueous solutions. Therefore, many researchers focus on the release and activity of NO donors and their derivatives. However, NO donors can release free NO or NO analogues under physiological conditions to meet the human need. NO donors can be coupled with the corresponding active basic nucleus, so that they have the biological activity derived from both the basic nucleus and the NO donors, thus performing better bioactivity. This paper reviewed the routes of synthesis and advance activities of NO donor derivatives.

Chemically-Induced Inflammation Changes the Number of Nitrergic Nervous Structures in the Muscular Layer of the Porcine Descending Colon

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is the part of the nervous system that is located in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract and regulates the majority of the functions of the stomach and intestine. Enteric neurons may contain various active substances that act as neuromediators and/or neuromodulators. One of them is a gaseous substance, namely nitric oxide (NO). It is known that NO in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract may possess inhibitory functions; however, many of the aspects connected with the roles of this substance, especially during pathological states, remain not fully understood. An experiment is performed here with 15 pigs divided into 3 groups: C group (without any treatment), C1 group (“sham” operated), and C2 group, in which experimental inflammation was induced. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of inflammation on nitrergic nervous structures in the muscular layer of the porcine descending colon using an immunofluorescence method. The obtained results show that inflammation causes an increase in the percentage of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-positive neurons in the myenteric plexus of the ENS, as well as the number of nitrergic nerve fibers in the muscular layer of the descending colon. The obtained results suggest that NO is involved in the pathological condition of the large bowel and probably takes part in neuroprotective and/or adaptive processes.

COAL MUST BE AT THE ENERGY SECTOR!

The article substantiates the necessity and possibility of preserving coal in the power industry as a fuel of the future, using the appropriate technology, based, to a large extent, on the use of layered combustion technology. The advantages and disadvantages of coal combustion in a layer are analyzed. The need to switch to flaring coal combustion to increase the unit capacity of the boiler is noted. The universality of this method of coal combustion in relation to its thermal properties is indicated. The sources of problems with emissions into the atmosphere during coal flaring are given. Shown is the substitution of the concept of "dirty technology" with the concept of "dirty fuel" in relation to coal fuel. The ways of returning to the layered combustion of coal are indicated, with the provision of the required capacity of the power facility through the installation of an increased number of boilers with lower productivity. It is noted that at the Almaty University of Energy and Communications named after Gumakrbek Daukeev, a coal combustion technology with reduced disadvantages is being developed The possibility of using flammable volatiles contained in coal for kindling a boiler and for stabilizing the ignition of a coal flame is noted. the possibility of supplying residents of a remote village with their own gaseous fuel for cooking was considered. The possibility of using this gaseous substance for the generation of electrical energy with the installation of low-power gas turbine units on a boiler with coal layer combustion is indicated. Based on such a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of coal, a conclusion was made about the long-term preservation of coal in the power industry.

Nitric oxide and physical exercise: modulations in physiological systems during elderly

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous substance, which act as a key factor on the regulation of some physiological systems activity (e.g. cardiovascular, skeletal), since decrease on NO biodisponibility, such as on the pathway responsible for its production, lead to impairment on body homeostasis. Besides chronic pathological conditions, senescence — which is conceited as the healthy aging — NO levels and its pathway also can be found decreased. In front of this scenario, it is possible observe that there is necessity of therapies that act collaborating with the maintaining of a favorable environment to NO synthesis, as well to development of its functions during aging. Some trial has been observed in animals and in human beings the capacity of physical exercise to act collaborating to NO activity maintaining during senescence and senility. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of physical training on activity of pathway responsible for NO formation, as well as its blood concentrations in animal and elderly human models. Methods: A literature search was performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scielo and Lilacs databases, that evaluated the effects of physical training and nitric oxide formation in animal and elderly human models. Results: According to the studies reviewed in this research, pathway of the NO synthesis improves through physical exercise in animal and elderly human models. Conclusion: Scientific evidences demonstrate effectiveness of the physical exercise in inhibiting decrease of bioavailability in NO which accompanies senescence, greater magnitude and senility.

Ontological metaphors as a tool for representation of concept ZORN in the German language

The article is devoted to the analysis of ontological metaphors, actualized for the conceptualization of anger in the German language. The vast majority of modern research into metaphorical representation of emotives are carried out on the example of structural metaphors, which undeservedly underscores the role of ontological metaphors, which belong to the earlier stage of categorization of the world in ontogenesis, and therefore require primary attention in the analysis of metaphorical conceptualization of basic emotions. Based on German lexicographic sources, the article reveals the main ontological metaphors involved in describing the emotions of anger. The first ontological metaphor ZORN IST CONTAINER describes anger as an object of the material world with an internal space into which an angry person is placed. The second conceptual metaphor ZORN IST SUBSTANZ interprets anger as a liquid or gaseous substance. This understanding of anger is usually combined with the MENSCH IST CONTAINER conceptual metaphor, creating the image of a person as a container that is filled with anger. The third version of the ontological metaphorization of the concept under consideration is ZORN IST WESEN. This conceptual metaphor represents anger either as an active agent, as an ontological unit that can generate a casual series of events (ZORN IST AKTIVES WESEN), or as an object that can be manipulated, or which is exposed to external forces (ZORN IST PASSIVES WESEN).

The effect of selected gaseous air pollutants on woody plants

The article discusses gaseous air pollutants that have the greatest impact on forest ecosystems. This group of pollutants ncludes sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxides (NO and NO2) and ozone (O3). In the 20th century, the major contributor to forest degradation was sulfur dioxide, a gaseous substance with direct and powerful phytotoxic and acidifying effects. Since then, sulfur dioxide emissions have been significantly reduced in Europe and North America, but they continue to grow in East Asia along with China’s economic boom. Nitric oxides affect woody plants directly by entering through the stomata and indirectly through soil acidification and environmental eutrophication. Ozone, in turn, is found in photochemical smog and is produced by conversion of its precursors (nitric oxides, organic compounds and carbon monoxide). It is a strong oxidizing agent which disrupts various physiological processes, mostly photosynthesis and water use in plants, but is also the air pollutant that exerts the most toxic effect on forest ecosystems.

Assessment of Halon-1301 as a groundwater age tracer

Groundwater dating is an important tool to assess groundwater resources in regards to their dynamics, i.e. direction and timescale of groundwater flow and recharge, contamination risks and manage remediation. To infer groundwater age information, a combination of different environmental tracers, such as tritium and SF6, are commonly used. However, ambiguous age interpretations are often faced, due to a limited set of available tracers and their individual restricted application ranges. For more robust groundwater dating multiple tracers need to be applied complementarily (or other characterisation methods need to be used to complement tracer information). It is important that additional, groundwater age tracers are found to ensure robust groundwater dating in future. We have recently suggested that Halon-1301, a water soluble and entirely anthropogenic gaseous substance, may be a promising candidate, but its behaviour in water and suitability as a groundwater age tracer had not yet been assessed in detail. In this study, we determined Halon-1301 and inferred age information in 17 New Zealand groundwater samples and various modern (river) water samples. The samples were simultaneously analysed for Halon-1301 and SF6, which allowed for identification of issues such as contamination of the water with modern air during sampling. All analysed groundwater sites had also been previously dated with tritium, CFC-12, CFC-11 and SF6, and exhibited mean residence times ranging from modern (close to 0 years) to over 100 years. The investigated groundwater samples ranged from oxic to highly anoxic. All samples with available CFC data were degraded and/or contaminated in one or both of CFC-11 and CFC-12. This allowed us to make a first attempt of assessing the conservativeness of Halon-1301 in water, in terms of presence of local sources and its sensitivity towards degradation, which could affect the suitability of Halon-1301 as groundwater age tracer. Overall we found Halon-1301 reliably inferred the mean residence time of groundwater recharged between 1980 and 2014. Where direct age comparison could be made 71% of mean age estimates for the studied groundwater sites were in agreement with ages inferred from tritium and SF6 (within an uncertainty of 1 standard deviation). The remaining (anoxic) sites showed reduced concentrations of Halon-1301 along with even further reduced concentrations of CFCs. The reason(s) for this need to be further assessed, but are likely to be caused by sorption or degradation of the compounds. Despite some groundwater samples showing evidence of contamination from industrial or agricultural sources (inferred by elevated CFC concentrations), no sample showed a significantly elevated concentration of Halon-1301, which suggests no local anthropogenic or geologic sources of Halon-1301 contamination.