Assessment of Risk and Social Impact on Groundwater Pollution by Nitrates. Implementation in the Gallocanta Groundwater Body (NE Spain)

Groundwater is an essential resource for humans concerning freshwater supply; therefore, preserving and protecting its quality is necessary. Risk assessment, based on hazard, intrinsic vulnerability information and mapping, may be considered as a key aspect of sustainable groundwater management. An approach has been made by combining the Nitrogen Input Hazard Index and the hydrogeological parameters considered in a modified DRASTIC method. A three-level classification has been used to determine the degree of risk, and the thresholds have been established following measurable criteria related to the potential nitrate concentration in groundwater. The second part of the study focused on estimating the socioeconomic impact of groundwater pollution by relating the degree of risk and social vulnerability to groundwater pollution. The method has been tested in the Gallocanta Groundwater Body (Spain). As a result, a risk map and an impact map are provided. The risk map shows that 67% of the study area can be classified as moderate and high-risk areas, corresponding to high hazard sources located in moderate and high vulnerability zones, whereas the impact of groundwater pollution is classified as moderate in the whole groundwater body. The proposed analysis allows comparison between aquifers in different areas and the results required by water authorities to implement control and mitigation measures.

ONE-OFF COMPENSATION TO FAMILY MEMBERS FOR AN ACCIDENT AT WORK OR OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE

A one-off for family members in the event of the death of an insured person as a result of an accident at work or occupational disease shall be of an insurance nature. It is granted in the event of the death of an insured person who was covered by accident insurance. The benefit is paid by ZUS on the basis of a decision. It is paid from the accident fund, where the premiums paid for accident insurance are collected. In addition, the amount of the premium depends on the degree of risk of accident. The conditions for one-off compensation and its amount were structured in a schematic manner, since it was not necessary to determine the nature and size of the damage. Such rules for determining one-off compensation lead to simplification and scheme for compensation for damage. These features of compensation mean that the damage can be repaired in a limited manner. Accident compensation does little to meet the characteristics of civil law compensation. The extent to which the compensatory function of compensating for damage is to be carried out will depend on the type of damage and its extent, as well as on whether family members will be entitled to other accident benefits.

Spatial Delimitation of Small Headwater Catchments and Their Classification in Terms of Runoff Risks

The hydrological similarity of catchments forms a basis for generalizing their hydrological response. This similarity of the hydrological response enables catchments to be classified from numerous perspectives, e.g., hydrological extremes or ecological aspects of catchments. A specific group is formed by so-called “first-order catchments”. This article describes the derivation process of small headwater catchments up to 5 km2 in size on the territory of the Czech Republic. The delimitation is based on the digital terrain model, the stream network, and the water reservoirs. The catchments derived in this way cover 80% of the country. Five mutually independent and sufficiently representative parameters were selected with Principal Components Analysis (PCA), and were used for the cluster analysis performed on two to eight clusters. Clustering Validity Indices (CVI) was used to determine the optimal number of clusters. Subsequently, each generated cluster was assessed for the potential risk of the occurrence of direct runoff, in five classes, on a scale from a moderate degree of risk to a high degree of risk. Six clusters were generated, which is the optimal number in terms of the CVI and their hydrological properties. In this case, 17% of the Czech Republic territory is assessed as lying within a high-risk area, 39% as lying within a medium-risk area, and 24% as lying within a below-average risk area in terms of the occurrence of direct runoff.

An Analytical Study of Ship Hull Insurance in the Liquidity and Profitability of the National Insurance Company

The sea is of paramount importance in the life of man and peoples. Since ancient times, it has represented a tool for communication between nations, a link for civilizational meeting between them, and a source of sustenance. Man’s need and interest in exploiting this wealth moves his curiosity and ambitions to think and search for means that contribute and help in expanding the scope of maritime exploitation and consolidating relations between countries more and more. The maritime field was among the important areas touched by industrial and technological development, especially in the field of maritime transport, which led to the emergence of giant ships capable of embarking on sea voyages and thus moving foreign trade in a positive way. The aim of the research is to know the extent to which ship hull insurance is related to the liquidity and profitability of the National Insurance Company, and where the main research problem is manifested in the extent to which ship hull insurance is linked to the liquidity and profitability of the National Insurance Company. Only the research relied on the questionnaire as a tool for all data and information from the sample of 64 and those who have responsibility are (General Director, Department Director, Division Officer, Unit Officer) and the statistical program was used spss 21 in the calculation standard deviation, simple linear regression, testF ) R² (. The conclusions reached by the research are the evaluation of the degree of risk surrounding the ship and the evaluation of the degree of classification in the classification record is based on which the insurance price for the structures of marine vessels is determined, which shows that the degree of risk varies up and down according to the type of ship, origin, shipping lines, and the experience of the crew and the master. The results of the study also showed the existence of a strong correlation between the liquidity variable and profitability in the respondents' response to the research sample in the National Insurance Company, as there is no profitability without the presence of liquidity and good liquidity expresses the company's ability to meet the payment of its obligations. (*) An extracted thesis, which is part of the requirements for obtaining a higher diploma equivalent to a master’s degree. There are also a number of recommendations, including; Adoption of a unified plan for all insurance branches. To measure the liquidity risk in order to ensure that the company is protected from bankruptcy or its exit from the insurance market in the event of a financial crisis again.

A biomechanical model to assess the injury risk of leopards (Panthera pardus) hunting by free falling from trees

Leopards have been observed to ambush prey by jumping down on it from trees. There are both anecdotal reports and video recordings of this hunting behavior. Here we conducted a biomechanical analysis of this technique to assess the degree of risk for the predator in such cases. We concluded that the risk of suffering severe injuries seems to be too high for this technique to be a usual way of predation on horned mammals such as male impalas. Our results can be useful in discussing proposed paleobiological hunting scenarios and living predators’ strategies of managing risks.

The onboard expert measuring system for assessing the technogenic risk during towing operations based on the fuzzy logic

The article describes a method used to create an on-board measuring system to determine the degree of risk in towing operations using the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy logic. Based on the method of paired comparisons and transformations and using the interpolation method, membership functions of linguistic variables for determining the degree of risk were calculated. To eliminate the misperception of control commands in the tug in towing operations, the concordance component of risks was used. This method was used to assess the risk value for mooring with several operations. The on-board measuring system for risk assessment was developed. Its main component is a data bank containing factors that affect an assessment of the state and results of the fuzzy logic unit. The system can assist skippers in the decision-making process in shipboard operations. The fuzzy logic system was tested by interviewing maritime workers; the result proved the adequacy of this system.

Optimization of therapeutic and diagnostic approaches and possibility of predicting degree of risk of violation of vaginal microbiota

Goal. Optimization of the effectiveness of diagnosis and prediction of the degree of risk of violation of the vaginal microbiota.Materials and methods. 572 patients were examined with complaints of copious discharge from the genital tract and/or an unpleasant smell. All women were observed in accordance with anamnestic, clinical, and laboratory criteria.Results and conclusions. When examining patients, the results of anamnestic, clinical and laboratory signs were evaluated according to a point system, taking into account their informative value and the probability of influencing the vaginal microbiome. Based on the data analysis, a method for predicting the degree of risk of violation of the vaginal microbiota was proposed. The method allows for a personalized therapeutic and diagnostic approach and allows predicting the risk of violation of the vaginal microbiota as early as possible.

Health care workers intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors in southwestern Ethiopia, 2021

Introduction Health care workers are the most affected part of the world population due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Countries prioritize vaccinating health workers against COVID-19 because of their susceptibility to the virus. However, the acceptability of the vaccine varies across populations. Thus, this study aimed to determine the health care worker’s intentions to accept the COVID-19 vaccine and its associated factors in southwestern Ethiopia, 2021. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among health care workers in public hospitals in southwestern Ethiopia from March 15 to 28, 2021. A simple random sampling method was used to select 405 participants from each hospital. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, such as frequency and percentage, were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression was also performed to identify factors associated with health care worker’s intention to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Statistically significant variables were selected based on p-values (<0.05) and the adjusted odds ratio was used to describe the strength of association with 95% confidence intervals. Result Among the respondents, 48.4% [95% CI: 38.6, 58.2] of health care workers intended to accept COVID-19. Intention to accept COVID-19 vaccination was significantly associated with physicians (AOR = 9.27, 95% CI: 1.27–27.32), professionals with a history of chronic illness (AOR = 4.07, 95% CI: 2.02–8.21), perceived degree of risk of COVID-19 infection (AOR = 4.63, 95% CI: 1.26–16.98), positive attitude toward COVID-19 prevention (AOR = 6.08, 95% CI: 3.39–10.91) and good preventive practices (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.58–5.08). Conclusion In this study, the intention of health care workers to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was low. Professional types, history of chronic illness, perceived degree of risk to COVID-19 infection, attitude toward COVID-19 and preventive practices were found to be factors for intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine in professionals. It is important to consider professional types, history of chronic illness, perceived degree of risk to COVID-19, attitude of professionals and preventive behaviors to improve the intention of professionals’ vaccine acceptance.

Specificity of Meteorological and Biometeorological Conditions in Central Europe in Centre of Urban Areas in June 2019 (Bydgoszcz, Poland)

The work describes diurnal meteorological and biometeorological conditions in June 2019 in the urban areas of Central Europe. UTCI, STI, Oh_H, WL, and OV indices were calculated based on 24-h data from Bydgoszcz (Poland) for hot days. The degree of risk connected with heat stress of different intensities, risk of hyperthermia, body water loss, and decreased oxygen volume was determined. The studies showed that June 2019 was an example of an extreme situation with a heatwave that generated high stress for the inhabitants of urban areas. The conditions were burdensome mostly due to “very strong” and “strong” heat stress and periodic risk of dehydration, situations that could quickly lead to overheating of the body and a decreased oxygen volume leading to stress.

Transport Risk Identification and Assessment

The transport process is characterized by transport operations and the relationships between them, the route, the time of transport and the type of product transported. One of these parameters is the degree of risk associated with a possible disruption of the transport process. Therefore, this article aims to present the possibility of calculating the degree of risk on the selected transport route. The risk level is calculated on based on the actual risk incidents on the transport route.