Reversible switching of leukemic cells to a drug-resistant, stem-like subset via IL-4 mediated cross-talk with mesenchymal stroma

Chemoresistance of leukemic cells has largely been attributed to clonal evolution secondary to accumulating mutations. Here, we show that a subset of leukemic blasts in contact with the mesenchymal stroma undergo cellular conversion into a distinct cell type that exhibits a stem cell-like phenotype and chemoresistance. These stroma-induced changes occurred in a reversible and stochastic manner driven by cross-talk, whereby stromal contact induces IL-4 in leukemic cells that in turn targets the mesenchymal stroma to facilitate the development of new subset. This mechanism was dependent on IL-4 mediated up-regulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in mesenchymal stroma, causing tight adherence of leukemic cells to mesenchymal progenitors for generation of new subsets. Together, our study reveals another class of chemoresistance in leukemic blasts via functional evolution through stromal cross-talk, and demonstrates dynamic switching of leukemic cell fates that could cause a non-homologous response to chemotherapy in concert with the patientspecific microenvironment.

Imaging Features of Carcinosarcoma Arising from Adenofibroma of the Uterus: A Case Report

Background: Adenofibroma is a benign tumor composed histologically of epithelial elements and mesenchymal stroma. Carcinosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm that contains elements of carcinoma and sarcoma. Carcinosarcoma arising from adenofibroma of the uterus has never been reported in the literature in English language. Case Presentaion: We report a case of a 56-year-old woman who complained vaginal spotting persisting for several months. We described here for the first time a case of malignant transformation of uterine endometrial adenofibroma into carcinosarcoma that was depicted as a multilocular cystic lesion with enhancing solid portions and stalk-like structure between the myometrium and endometrial mass.

Discordance of karyotypes in chorionic villus cells by autosome aneuploidy

Представлены исходы беременностей и результаты цитогенетических исследований 50 случаев дискордантности кариотипов по трисомиям аутосом при получении нормального кариотипа в клетках трофобласта или мезенхимальной стромы ворсин. Pregnancy outcomes and results of cytogenetic studies of 50 cases of autosome trisomy karyotype discordance in obtaining a normal karyotype in trophoblast cells or villi mesenchymal stroma are presented.

Mucinous Cystadenoma of Liver with Mesenchymal Stroma

Hepatobiliary cystadenoma is a rare benign cystic tumor of the liver. These are predominantly located in right hepatic lobe. A 45 year old female presented with abdominal pain, epigastric discomfort, fever and vomiting. On radiological evaluation USG showed large multiloculated cystic mass in right lobe of liver. Contrast Enhanced CT examination exhibited exophytically growing multiloculated cytic lesion with differential content and peripheral capsular and central enhancement with imaging diagnosis of hydatid cyst was given. The surgical excision of hepatic cyst was done. On histopathology reported as mucinous cystadenoma of liver with mesenchymal stroma. We are presenting this case for its rarity, clinical, radiological and histopathological findings.

Pulmonary blastoma in an adult male

Pulmonary blastoma is one of the rare lung tumors and is considered to be dissnct from other lung tumors by its pathological features, clinical course and prognosis.1 Classic pulmonary blastoma is composed of both malignant mesenchymal stroma and epithelial components resembling embryonic lung tissue. Surgery is the standard treatment and the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy has not yet been established

Biomimetic Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros-on-a-Chip to Study Human Developmental Hematopoiesis

We established a multilayer microfluidic Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros (AGM)-on-a-chip to emulate developmental hematopoiesis from human pluripotent stem cells. We show that the AGM-chip efficiently derives endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) in the presence of mesenchymal stroma and endothelial cells. The AGM-chip could dissect the cellular and molecular mechanisms of human developmental hematopoiesis.