Estimasi Model Hidrolika Menggunakan HEC-RAS 1-D dan Tren Prediksi Strategi Mitigasi Banjir

Engineering modeling is becoming a trend and important because it can simulate a variety of decision scenarios to be applied in the field. With limited facilities and technology, 1-D modeling in hydraulics for flood mitigation is still a trend today. What are the weaknesses of this model and how is the prediction of future modeling trends? This study analyzes the flood modeling of the Tuntang River with the 1-D model using HEC-RAS to analyze the condition of the existing water level profile and flood mitigation scenarios with normalization. The results of the analysis show that the 1-D model can describe conditions in the field and scenarios clearly. However, the 1-D model has limitations because it cannot carry out simulations that consider aspects of construction costs, time, and budget allocation of stakeholders to determine the priority scale of disaster-affected areas. It requires a vulnerability analysis with field observations, 2-D or 3-D modeling, and the application of value engineering to optimize flood control strategies. With the advancement of technology, this trend is predicted to be something that will be done in the future.

Parametric estimation of supplier's plant construction costs

Cost engineers of buying enterprises perform detailed product cost calculations of externally manufactured components. The aim of these calculations is to determine what a product should cost and to support purchasing functions in fact-based negotiations. While product cost engineers have deep knowledge in the calculation of direct cost, they need support in the calculation of supplier´s indirect cost categories. The calculation of industrial rent, which is expressed in annual cost per m² of occupied plant building floor space can be improved by providing accurate construction cost estimates. Construction costs are strongly impacting the calculation of supplier´s annual building depreciation, which is a crucial cost driver for the determination of the industrial rent. Academic literature is actually not providing an accurate and suitable cost model for product cost engineers, which is estimating construction cost per m² depending on different industrial building categories and alternative supplier plant locations. The paper aims to close this gap by applying linear regression analysis on a set of European construction cost data considering two industrial building categories: “warehouses/basic factory units” and “high-tech factories”. By regressing construction cost against construction labor rates within different supplier plant locations it was possible to form suitable and accurate parametric regression functions with R² values between 0.74 and 0.88. Next to high R² values acceptable mean average percentage errors between 7.45% and 11.77% could be realized by comparing estimated with observed construction cost. The estimation of industrial construction costs based on the paper´s results can be used to improve the calculation of industrial rent, which is one cost element, that has to be covered within product cost engineer´s Should Cost Calculations.

Comparison of the Embodied Carbon Emissions and Direct Construction Costs for Modular and Conventional Residential Buildings in South Korea

Modular construction is an innovative new construction method that minimizes waste and improves efficiency within the construction industry. However, practitioners are hampered by the lack of environmental and economic sustainability analysis methods in this area. This study analyzes the embodied carbon emissions and direct construction costs incurred during the production phase of a modular residential building and provides comparison to an equivalent conventional residential building. Major drawings and design details for a modular residential building in South Korea were obtained, and the quantity take-off data for the major construction materials were analyzed for a modular construction method and a conventional construction method using a reinforced concrete structure under the same conditions. Focusing on major construction materials during the production phase, the embodied carbon emissions assessment revealed that adopting a modular construction approach reduced the environmental impact by approximately 36%, as compared to the conventional reinforced concrete method. However, in terms of the direct construction cost, the modular construction was approximately 8% more expensive than the conventional reinforced concrete construction method.

Subways and Urban Air Pollution

We investigate the effect of subway system openings on urban air pollution. On average, particulate concentrations are unchanged by subway openings. For cities with higher initial pollution levels, subway openings reduce particulates by 4 percent in the area surrounding a city center. The effect decays with distance to city center and persists over the longest time horizon that we can measure with our data, about four years. For highly polluted cities, we estimate that a new subway system provides an external mortality benefit of about $1 billion per year. For less polluted cities, the effect is indistinguishable from zero. Back of the envelope cost estimates suggest that reduced mortality due to lower air pollution offsets a substantial share of the construction costs of subways. (JEL I12, L92, O13, O18, Q51, Q53, R41)

Choosing a methodological base for forming and accounting for the construction costs of a gas well at the final stage of field development

The article introduces the problems of choosing a methodological base for forming and accounting costs during well construction, taking into account the intensification of gas inflow at the final stage of field development. The main methods that allow taking into account the costs of drilling operations are outlined. The main costs that need to be taken into account when designing fields with hard-to-recover gas reserves are identified and characterized. The main stages of cost formation by construction phases of a gas-producing well are shown, as well as the factors influencing the level and structure of the cost price during the construction of a well are highlighted. The authors consider the classification of cost accounting methods in the context of the comparison criterion and present the possible results of the correct choice of the cost formation method during the construction of a gas well at the final stage of its development.

MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN CONSTRUCTION

The ever-increasing level of competition requires the optimization of the construction process to use automated design systems, which reduces construction costs and reduces lead time. An excellent tool for this is information technology. This article presents the main information technologies used at different stages of the life cycle of building structures.

Aspects of design and calculation of a railway track intended for dedicated passenger lines

The article considers issues of application of dedicated passenger lines for intertown and interregional transportation on the railways of the Russian Federation, which in the future will accelerate passenger traffic due to changes in transportation technology, increase the carrying and throughput capacity of railways, reduce construction costs and current maintenance, and optimize the need for infrastructure development. The structures of the track superstructure used for the transportation process at the present time were developed and implemented taking into account the mixed traffic — passenger and freight. Growth of axle loads in freight traffic, as well as the length of trains, presupposes the strengthening (weighting) of the standard structures of the railway track to possibly ensure the guaranteed safe passage of more than 1 billion gross tonnage. At the same time, exclusively for passenger traffic, the typical design of the railway track is redundant and can be optimized in terms of reducing the materials of the track superstructure with a simultaneous change in the configuration of repair schemes and current maintenance conditions. The article presents an assessing the possibility of using a “passenger” track structure on dedicated passenger lines for intertown and interregional transportation according to the criteria of the allowable margin of safety in the environment of fnite element analysis — the most progressive method for calculating structures undergoing complex loading. The article presents the results of calculations of the stress-strain state of a railway track of various confgurations, including promising lightweight versions with R50 rails and reinforced concrete sleepers with under sleeper pads. Based on the calculations performed, recommendations are given for the areas of application of the considered track confgurations from the point of view of permissible stresses in its elements.

Creating an Information Environment for Construction Projects

Aim. The presented study aims to create a unified information environment for all participants of construction project implementation and to monitor key indicators of construction during its implementation.Tasks. The authors develop a methodological approach to substantiate a unified information environment for the implementation of capital construction projects; develop modules of the information environment that reflect the processes of designing a facility and managing costs at all stages of its life cycle. Methods. This study uses the methods of analysis and synthesis, graphical modeling, expert and comparative assessments, methods of pricing in construction.Results. An information environment for the implementation of capital construction projects is developed. Its major modules reflect the processes of designing and constructing a facility and managing costs at all stages of its life cycle.Conclusions. Introduction of the proposed information environment for managing construction costs at the enterprise level with an integrated design module based on information modeling technologies will improve the efficiency of interaction between the participants of the investment and construction process and will provide a unified cost management algorithm in the context of the active digitalization of the industry.

Optimizing Basement Construction Methods

The underground part of SSG TOWER includes 4 basements, 4 basements at a height of -13.2m. Combined with the construction of 3m deep foundation, therefore, the minimum excavation depth is required to -16.2m. Due to the construction work in residential area, relatively ground, with large excavation depth and geology of the interaction area (clay layer up to 30m), the options for using diaphragm wall with drilled piles Small area, Laser piles or solier piles to make retaining walls during construction do not have that feature, so the author chooses the option of using reinforced concrete barrette walls for retaining walls during construction and as tunnel walls for this project. The semi-topdown construction method was chosen to ensure safety during construction because the excavation depth of the work is quite large and the geology of this area is quite weak. This measure completely solves the strut system because using the floor structure of the building to support this system has high stability. Limiting the influence of settlement, cracking, and slippage to neighboring works a lot. Fast construction but in return for high technical requirements, high construction costs. Choose diaphragm wall thickness of 1.0m, base depth of 46.6m including standard barrete panels. The author uses 2D Plaxis simulation to calculate ground stability, stress and displacement, moment, and shear force generated in diaphragm wall during basement construction. The author analyzes using the optimization algorithm to compare and find the suitable solution.