Effect of Chemical Reaction towards MHD Marginal Layer Movement of Casson Nanofluid through Porous Media above a Moving Plate with an Adaptable Thickness

In the current workflow and heat exchange of a Casson nanoliquid across a penetrable media above a moving plate with variable thermal conductivity, adaptive thickness and chemical reaction are analyzed. First, the governing nonlinear equations of partial derivative terms with proper extreme conditions are changed into equations of ordinary derivative terms with suitable similarity conversions. Then the resulting equations are worked out using the Keller box method. The effects of various appropriate parameters are analyzed by constructing the visual representations of velocity, thermal, and fluid concentration. The velocity profile increased for shape parameter, and the opposite trend is observed for magnetic, Casson, porosity parameters. Temperature profile increases for magnetic, Casson, Brownian motion parameter, and thermophoresis parameters. Concentration profiles show a decreasing trend for wall thickness, Brownian movement, chemical reaction parameters. Also, skin friction values and calculated and matched with previous literature found in accordance. Also, local parameters Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are calculated and analyzed in detail.

MHD Free Convection from a Semi-infinite Vertical Porous Plate with Diffusion-Thermo Effect

An analytical solution for two-dimensional unsteady MHD free convective mass transfer flows of viscous incompressible optically thin fluid past a semi-infinite vertical porous plate in the presence of thermal radiation and chemical reaction is presented in this paper. A uniform magnetic field is applied normally to the plate with a first-order chemical reaction. The non-dimensional governing equations are solved analytically by using the regular perturbation technique. The effects of various physical parameters like radiation parameter Q, Dufour effect Du, chemical reaction parameter K, thermal Grashof number Gr, Hartmann number M, porosity parameter k, etc., are studied and demonstrated graphically. One of the significant findings of this analysis includes that an intensification of the chemical reaction effect causes a downfall in the fluid concentration. In contrast, another important outcome of the present study is that the rate of heat transfer and shear stress at the wall increases under the diffusion thermo effect or Dufour effect. Still, it tends to fall for high radiation. Further, the rate of mass transfer rises under the chemical reaction effect.

Ceftriaxone-induced Encephalopathy: A Pharmacokinetic Approach

We report a case of ceftriaxone-induced encephalopathy correlated with high cerebrospinal fluid concentration. Neurotoxicity of cephalosporin is increasingly reported, especially regarding fourth-generation cephalosporins. The factors influencing the corticospinal fluid (CSF) concentration are plasma concentration, liposolubility, ionization, molecular weight, protein binding and efflux. In our patient, high levels of ceftriaxone (27.9 mg/l) were found in the CSF. β-lactam associated neurotoxicity is mainly related to similarities between GABA and β-lactam ring. Because of disparate CSF/plasma ratio and blood-brain barrier efflux among patients, plasmatic drug monitoring probably cannot be used as a surrogate of CSF concentration. This is, as we know, the first case of described ceftriaxone-induced encephalopathy associated with an objective excessive cerebrospinal concentration.

Cerebrospinal fluid concentration of complement component 4A is increased in first-episode schizophrenia

Excessive synapse loss is a core feature of schizophrenia and is linked to the complement component 4A gene (C4A). In two independent cohorts, we show that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) C4A concentration is elevated in first-episode psychosis patients who develop schizophrenia and correlates with CSF measurements of synapse density. Using patient-derived cellular modeling, we find that disease-associated cytokines increase neuronal C4A expression and that IL-1beta associates with C4A in patient-derived CSF.

Influence of Temperature and Concentration on MHD Oscillatory Flow for Bingham Fluid with Variable Viscosity Through an inclined channel

In this paper aims, we found the fluid concentration after calculating the velocity and temperature of the fluid with a variable viscosity that depends on the fluid moving through an inclined porous channel. We examined the influences of certain parameters that are active on fluid velocity by analyzing the graphs obtained after we reached the momentum equation solution, and used the MATHEMATICA program for plot the velocity and temperature of the fluid for two types of flow (Poiseuille and Couette).

Optimisation of cutting fluid concentration and operating parameters based on RSM for turning Ti–6Al–4V

The paper details experimental and optimisation results for the effect of cutting fluid concentration and operating parameters on the average surface roughness (Ra) and tool flank wear (VB) when flooded turning of Ti-6Al-4V using water-miscible vegetable oil-based cutting fluid. Cutting fluid concentration, cutting speed, feed rate, and cutting tool were the control variables. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to develop an experimental design and optimise Ra and VB using linear models. The study revealed that cutting fluid concentration has a little influence on Ra and VB performance, while Ra was strongly affected by feed rate and cutting tool type. The developed empirical model also suggested that the best parameters setting to minimise Ra and VB are 5%, 58 m/min and 0.1 mm/rev for cutting fluid concentration, cutting speed, and feed rate, respectively, using H13A tool. At this setting, the predicted surface roughness and tool wear were 0.48 and 30 μm, respectively. In the same vein, tool life and micro-hardness tests were performed at the suggested optimum cutting condition with different cutting speeds. A notable decrease in tool life (82.3%) was obtained when a higher cutting speed was used.

Mixed Convection Flow Along Vertical Thin Needles Containing Gyrotactic Microorganism with Variable Heat, Mass and Motile Microorganism Flux

The problem of steady laminar mixed convection boundary layer flow along vertical thin needle with variable surface heat, mass and motile microorganism flux in the presence of gyrotactic microorganism is considered in this study. The dimensionless leading equations of continuity, momentum, concentraton and motile microorganism conservation are reduced to ordinary differential equations with the help of similarity transformations. The transformed governing equations are then numerically solved by using MATLAB BVP4C function. The research is reached to excellent argument by comparison in few cases between the results obtained from MATLAB and Maple algorithm with the help of dsolve command. Numerical calculations are carried out for various values of the dimensionless parameters of the problem which includes mixed convection parameter λ, power law index m, buoyancy parameters N1, N2 Lewis parameter Le, bioconvection lewis parameter Lb, Bioconvection peclet number Pe and also the parameter a representing the needle size. It is also shown from the results that the surface (wall) temperature, surface fluid concentration, surface motile microorganism concentration and the corresponding velocity, temperature, concentration and motile microorganism profiles are significantly induced by these parameters. The results are pictured and discussed in detail.

Hydro Magnetic Effect on Thread Stretching Surface with Mounted Obstacles in Porous Medium

In this paper, Finite element Model is applied for investigation of fluid flow over a stretching sheet in existence of magnetic field. Finite element method is applied to find the influence of melting heat transfer on fluid flow behavior over a stretching sheet in presence of magnetic field. we investigated the flow of fluid flowing through the fins plate under the influence of the magnet. The fins were on the board and the end of the plate. In the case of chamfer fins, the maximum temperature variation is observed. In this fins, the maximum temperature of T = 2.5 and minimum temperature is T = 3. in general, we conclude that the temperature flow around the rectangular fins has a maximum value than 2 other modes. In triangular fins, the fluid temperature vector around the fins has more intensity than other modes and the temperature gradient around it is larger than the previous one and the fluid flow at the end of the plate also has more temperature than the Rectangular fins. The maximum amount of fluid concentration has been observed around the first fin of chamfer mode in range of X=0.05 to X=0.1. In general, the fluid concentration around the triangular fins is higher than other modes. the maximum amount of fluid concentration is found in the triangular fins on the surface. Their concentration from the first fin reaches a value of 2.5 and in the last fin at a value of 1.4.

Dynamic Changes of Metabolite Profiles in Maternal Biofluids During Gestation Period in Huanjiang Mini-Pigs

The biochemical parameters related to nitrogenous metabolism in maternal biofluids may be linked and even reflect the fetal metabolism and growth. The present study have measured the concentrations of various parameters related to amino acid (AA) and lipid metabolism, as well as different metabolites including the free AAs in maternal plasma and amniotic and allantoic fluid corresponding to fetuses with different body weight (BW) during different gestation periods, in order to identify the possible relationships between biochemical parameters and fetal growth. A total of 24 primiparous Huanjiang mini-pigs were fed with a standard diet. Data showed that, from day 45 to day 110 of gestation, the maternal plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin (ALB), Ile, Orn, Car, α-ABA, and β-AiBA increased (P < 0.05); while the levels of ammonia (AMM), choline esterase (CHE), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), Leu, Glu, Cys, Asp, and Hypro decreased (P < 0.05). From day 45 to 110 of gestation, the amniotic fluid levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), CHE, total protein (TP), and urea nitrogen (UN) increased (P < 0.05), as well as the level of CHE and TP and concentration of Pro in allantoic fluid; while the amniotic fluid concentrations of Arg, Glu, Orn, Pro, and Tau decreased (P < 0.05), as well as allantoic fluid concentrations of Arg and Glu. At day 45 of gestation, the amniotic fluid concentrations of Arg, Orn, and Tau corresponding to the highest BW (HBW) fetuses were higher (P < 0.05), whereas the allantoic fluid concentrations of His and Pro were lower (P < 0.05) when compared with the lowest BW (LBW) fetuses. At day 110 of gestation, the amniotic fluid concentration of Tau corresponding to the HBW fetuses was higher (P < 0.05) than the LBW fetuses. These findings show that the sows display increased protein utilization and decreased lipid metabolism and deposition from day 75 to 110 of gestation. In addition, our data are indicative of a likely stronger ability of HBW fetuses to metabolize protein; and finally of a possible key role of Arg, Gln, Glu, Pro, Tau, and His for the fetal growth and development.