Pressões e ameaças em Unidades de Conservação federais da Depressão Sertaneja Setentrional, Nordeste do Brasil

A Depressão Sertaneja Setentrional caracteriza-se pelas fitofisionomias de Caatinga. Marcada pelas condições de seca, é um ambiente que apresenta diversas fragilidades ambientais. Estas podem ser intensificadas pelas pressões e ameaças aos recursos naturais. As Unidades de Conservação (UCs) são ferramentas importantes para preservação, porém muitas vezes tem sua efetividade reduzida devido à ação antrópica. Dessa forma, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar as pressões e ameaças que permeiam quatro UCs federais da Depressão Sertaneja Setentrional, sendo duas Estações Ecológicas, ESEC de Aiuaba e ESEC de Seridó, e duas Florestas Nacionais, FLONA de Sobral e FLONA de Açu, localizadas no Ceará e no Rio Grande do Norte. Para análise foi aplicado aos gerentes das UC o módulo 2 do método RAPPAM, bem como foram realizadas visitas às unidades para acompanhamento das atividades de monitoramento e registro de tais pressões. Esse módulo avalia a criticidade de pressão e de ameaça, considerando a área de abrangência, impacto e permanência de 16 atividades. Ademais avalia a tendência da pressão e a probabilidade da ameaça. Foi possível observar que as atividades que mais se destacaram quanto as criticidades de pressão e ameaça foram: pastagem, processos seminaturais, presença de espécies exóticas e caça. Destarte, os trabalhos de planejamento, monitoramento e fiscalização podem ser intensificados visando minimizar esses problemas. Sugere-se avaliação e cumprimento do plano de manejo da ESEC de Seridó e FLONA de Açu, e a elaboração dos Planos de manejo das UCs: ESEC de Aiuaba e FLONA de Sobral para auxiliar o gerenciamento dessas pressões. Pressures and threats in federal Protected Areas of the Setentrional Sertaneja Depression, Northeastern BrazilA B S T R A C TThe Setentrional Sertaneja Depression is a semi-arid region of the Brazilian northeastern characterized by the Caatinga phytophysiognomies. This region is marked by drought conditions and is an environment that presents several environmental weaknesses. These can be intensified by pressures and threats on natural resources. Protected Areas (PA) are important areas of preservation, but their effectiveness is reduced due to anthropic action. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the pressures and threats that occur in four federal PA of the Setentrional Sertaneja Depression, being two Ecological Stations, ESEC of Aiuaba and ESEC of Seridó, and two National Forests, FLONA of Sobral and FLONA of Açu, located in Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte. For the analysis was apllied the module 2 of RAPPAM method. Visits were made to the PA to following the monitoring and recording of such pressures. This module assesses the criticality of pressure and threat, considering the area of coverage, impact and permanence of 16 activities. In addition, it assesses the pressure trend and the likelihood of the threat. It was observed that the activities that stood out the most in terms of pressure and threat criticisms were: pasture, semi-natural processes, exotic species and hunting. Thus, planning, monitoring and inspection work can be intensified in order to minimize these problems. It is suggested to evaluate compliance with the management plan of ESEC of Seridó and FLONA of Açu, and the creation of PA management plans: ESEC of Aiuabaand FLONA of Sobral to assist in the management of these pressures.Keywords: Protected areas, Caatinga, Criticality, Management effectiveness.

Detection of Foreign Bodies in Soft Foods Employing Tactile Image Sensor

In the inspection work involving foodstuffs in food factories, there are cases where people not only visually inspect foodstuffs, but must also physically touch foodstuffs with their hands to find foreign or undesirable objects mixed in the product. To contribute to the automation of the inspection process, this paper proposes a method for detecting foreign objects in food based on differences in hardness using a camera-based tactile image sensor. Because the foreign objects to be detected are often small, the tactile sensor requires a high spatial resolution. In addition, inspection work in food factories requires a sufficient inspection speed. The proposed cylindrical tactile image sensor meets these requirements because it can efficiently acquire high-resolution tactile images with a camera mounted inside while rolling the cylindrical sensor surface over the target object. By analyzing the images obtained from the tactile image sensor, we detected the presence of foreign objects and their locations. By using a reflective membrane-type sensor surface with high sensitivity, small and hard foreign bodies of sub-millimeter size mixed in with soft food were successfully detected. The effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed through experiments to detect shell fragments left on the surface of raw shrimp and bones left in fish fillets.

Design of solar light tracking system Research on energy autonomy system design of outdoor patrol car based on solar energy

The Inner Mongolia has abundant solar energy and electricity resources. Because of the long distance between cities, transmission lines are too long, making it difficult to check lines. In order to solve the problems existing in the inspection work, this paper studies a kind of outdoor inspection vehicle using solar energy, the energy system of the inspection vehicle can independently complete the charge and discharge, so as to realize the inspection task. This paper focuses on the energy autonomy of the on-site inspection vehicle for solar energy. According to the design requirements of the inspection vehicle, appropriate parts are selected to build an energy autonomy inspection system for the inspection vehicle. Then the solar tracking algorithm and maximum power tracking control algorithm are used to improve the conversion rate of solar panels and achieve fast charging. Finally, the hardware and software of the solar controller are designed, and the corresponding functions are debugged.

Research on Defect Detection of Electric Energy Metering Box Based on YOLOv5

The manual inspection for the damage state of the electric energy metering box consumes a lot of time, the workload is large, and the data storage is difficult. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes an automatic detection method for the damage state of the electric energy metering box based on the YOLOv5 algorithm. The actual metering box pictures taken by the operation and maintenance inspectors are used as the training set, LabelImage is used to annotate the data set, and YOLOv5s model is used to train the data set. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can accurately mark the position of the metering box lid and accurately predict its damage state. The average accuracy reaches 98%, which can meet the requirements for the detection accuracy of the power metering box damage state in the operation and maintenance inspection work.

Analysis of Maintenance and Inspection Status of Aeronautical Machinery and Improvement Countermeasures

In the daily operation process of airlines, aviation machinery maintenance and inspection work play an important role. At present, the quality of life of the people in our country is constantly improving. In daily travel, we have not only used cars, trains and other means of transportation, but also started to choose airplanes as the first choice in a higher frequency. In recent years, with the improvement of living standards, more and more people choose to travel during holidays. Therefore, the traffic volume of aviation aircraft is increasing year by year, but it also increases the risk of aviation aircraft failure, so it is particularly important to do a good job in the maintenance and inspection of aviation machinery. In this paper, according to the current situation of aviation machinery maintenance and inspection, put forward targeted improvement measures to ensure the safety and stability of China’s aviation aircraft operation.

Improving Mooring Integrity through Standardized Inspection Practices – A DeepStar® 19403 Project

In-service inspection is a critical element in confirming the integrity of permanent floating production unit mooring systems. Over the unit's operating life, which will typically span 20 years or more, these inspections provide the majority of the condition information on the mooring components and overall system. This information enables operators to proactively address mooring issues caused by degradation mechanisms or deviations in mooring line tensions that could reduce the system capacity and potentially result in premature failure. However, detailed guidance on inspection intervals, and in particular inspection scope, is limited for permanent mooring systems. To address this identified industry need, the DeepStar® technology consortium initiated Project 19403, "Improving Mooring Integrity through Standardized Inspection and Fit-For-Service Assessment" to develop best inspection practice guidance for permanent mooring systems [1]. This paper describes the content and benefits of this new mooring inspection guidance document developed as part of the DeepStar® 19403 project [1] with the support of subject matter experts from major operator companies, Class societies and mooring consultancies. The paper will describe how this new guidance compliments and expands current industry Recommended Practice (RP) guidance. Key aspects related to in-service survey intervals, component inspection work scopes and inspection methods will be discussed as well as the execution planning of in-service mooring inspections. To facilitate inspection work, the predominate deterioration mechanisms are introduced which are corrosion, wear and fatigue. Other types of deteriorations are also summarized. Default in-service survey intervals (frequencies) and component inspections are recommended. In-service inspection methods are reviewed, from General Visual Inspection (GVI) and Close Visual Inspection (CVI) to advanced Non-Destructive Testing (NDT). Guidance on assessing the residual capacity of a damaged or flawed mooring component, known as fitness-for-service, is also covered within the new mooring inspection guidance.

Computer wireless network integration technology in equipment state data collection

The paper introduces a handheld integrated power data acquisition and analysis equipment based on a computer wireless network mobile platform, an intelligent transportation inspection box. The intelligent transportation inspection box acts as a bridge between the transportation inspection work site side and the power grid company center to realize data and resource sharing between the site and center sides. The application of intelligent operation and inspection boxes based on computer wireless network integration technology is essential for improving the professional and intelligent level of on-site operation and maintenance, improving the efficiency of operation and inspection work and the ability to control equipment status, strengthening state maintenance and auxiliary decision-making, and promoting the construction of smart grids significance.

RESEARCH ON KEY POINTS OF QUALITY INSPECTION OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY RESULTS AND QUALITY IMPROVEMENT MEASURES

With the development of surveying and mapping geographic information technology, digital aerial photogrammetry technology has been widely developed and applied. Based on the research on the applicability of existing quality inspection standards, this paper has completed the analysis of the key points of the quality inspection of surveying and mapping aerial photography results on the current technological development level, and combined with the quality inspection work of related projects for many years, selecting 15 real cases in the industry from the technology, it completed the analysis of common quality problems in four aspects: flight quality, data quality, image quality, and accessory quality, and put forward relevant quality evaluation standards and suggestions for improving production quality. The research content of the article can provide a reference for the production and quality inspection of corresponding projects in the later period, and provide a basis for industry supervision and promote the improvement of the overall quality level of the industry.

SETUP OF A CORONA CAMERA AND IMAGE CO-REGISTRATION / CALIBRATION

Power lines are an important infrastructure and need special attention. Their functionality is of high importance for our life. Their monitoring is important to guarantee their sustainable operation. It is done mostly by aerial survey using different technologies. In addition to standard setups, e.g. LiDAR and high resolution RGB cameras, often UV cameras, so called Corona Cameras, are used to detect unwanted discharges. In many cases this UV cameras are combined along with RGB cameras with a similar field of view in order to superimpose the detected UV signals onto a visual image of the inspected objects. Discharges at power lines indicate findings that should be monitored with such additional sensors like thermal or high resolution mapping cameras then.The use of Corona-Cameras for such inspection work needs several steps of calibration, co registering and direct referencing methods in order to get them in a good georeference to the other sensors.