Design Optimization on Cost Efficiency and Benefit Increase of Project Construction Unit Production PT.X

The increased consumption of poultry in Indonesia, opening up greater business opportunities in the industry. The rapid project construction in the livestock business should be questioned whether the implementation of project has been carried out properly? The evaluation of production requirements, project design scenarios, the cost of project, and the value of every component that have been carried out should be identified by evaluating the requirements, specifications, standard quality, the machines and equipment. In the last 4 years, PT.X has built 4 new breeding farm units, in far different locations, typical layouts, land areas, varied building and installation designs. This resulted in the creation of master plan that was not standardized. By conducting an evaluation related to design optimization on the construction of the 4 PT X breeding farm unit, the better standard design is obtained in terms of cost and value. The research of the method done by analyzing the production needs as a scenario design that produce the parameter design as the reference in making the new standard design. The result of the optimization is an efficient cost with suitable function for the production and also giving some extra benefit by providing more facilities and utilities.

The veterinary surgeon and the farmer — controlling TB farm by farm

In considering how tuberculosis (TB) affects cattle across the UK, the British Veterinary Association (BVA) has coordinated with representatives of the farming, veterinary and scientific communities from throughout the UK to bring out a new policy position on bovine TB. In it BVA seeks to draw on the social science of behavioural change, as well as the best available evidence to support each of the recommendations. By advocating strengthening the team of farmer, private veterinary surgeon and government at a single farm unit level, BVA believes that engagement with control and prevention strategies can be improved. Access to local, current data will be a powerful tool in motivating the conversations between veterinary surgeons and farmers on appropriate measures to be taken over and above the statutory minimum on each farm. Increasing knowledge of when and how to apply different testing modalities, as well as government support for their use, will enable ownership of both the disease and its solutions farm by farm.

Growth Performance of Sweet Corn (Zea mays) on the Mineral Soil Amended with Sago Waste Biochar

Sago wastes are viable and utiliable resources for conversion into value-added products. Sago fronds and barks have high potential to be used as biochar feedstocks due to the availability and significant content of starchy-lignocellulosic compounds. However, only few studies were conducted regarding sago wastes conversion into biochar. Thus, this study evaluates the viability of converting sago wastes into biochar and as soil amendment on mineral soil planted with sweet corn (Zea mays) plants. The study was located at the Farm Unit, UiTM Samarahan, Sarawak. Five treatments combination of sago bark (SB) biochar and sago frond (SF) biochar were used in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with eighty plants per treatment and replicated three times. Parameters measured at harvest 85 days after treatment (DAT) including total dry biomass, cob weight, cob number and cob grade. All the recorded data were statistically analysed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS 9.4 (2013). Different treatments showed significant effects on all the parameters studied. The highest value for total dry biomass, cob yield was obtained using SB biochar 100%. The results of this study reveal the potential of SB biochar as an alternative soil amendment to increase sweet corn biomass and yield.

Impact of mulch-based cropping systems using green mulch and residues on the performance of advanced mutant lines of maize (Zea mays (L.)) under infested field with the parasitic weed Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze in Madagascar.

In Madagascar, cereal yields remain insufficient due to various biotic and abiotic constraints, including Striga asiatica, a parasitic weed that has contributed to decreased maize yield up to 100%. This work aims to assess the impact of the practice of two cropping systems on the maize crop infested by S. asiatica. PLATA maize seed of the putative tolerant mutant line from the M5 generation after gamma irradiation at 100, 200 and 300 Gy and of the sensitive parent variety were grown in fields naturally infested or artificially inoculated with one pinch of around 3000 ready-to-germinate seeds of S. asiatica. The cropping system (SCV) is a community of plants that is managed by a farm unit to achieve various human goals. The residue of Stylosanthes sp. legumes was used as mulch SCVm and the legume cowpea was planted with the host plant for the intercropping system SCVv. Results have shown that the use of mulch, either residue SCVm or green mulch SCVv, minimizes S. asiatica infestation on maize plants. The SCV reduces significantly the number of emerging Striga plants with an emergence of 1.33 ± 0.36 for SCVm, 4.33 ± 0.27 for SCVv and 15.00 ± 1.08 for the control. Moreover, M5 lines have shown significant differences in plant survival rate of 50.57 ± 1.25% to 80.00 ± 0.91%, versus 13.50 ± 0.47% for the parent variety. Yields of the parent and M5 lines on SCVm are, respectively, 3.46 ± 0.02 t/ha and 4.64 ± 0.01 t/ha, and 2.30 ± 0.04 t/ha and 3.61 ± 0.05 t/ha for SCVv, while that of the control plot remains low, varying from 0.50 ± 0.04 t/ha to 2.29 ± 0.01 t/ha. Cover increases soil humidity and delays the development of S. asiatica and infection of the host plant, thus improving host plant yield. These results demonstrate the benefit of the integrated approach of mutation breeding and cultural practice to ensure more durable crop production under heavy Striga infestation.

SOIL ERODIBILITY AND SOIL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO EROSION BY WATER IN SHONKOLA MOUNTAINOUS AREA OF SORO DISTRICT, ETHIOPIA

Although the problem of soil erosion is common in all countries, it is one of the more persisting hazards in developing countries like Ethiopia which is a country located in tropic where there is higher precipitation and is vulnerable to almost all forms of environmental degradation which is also resulted from poor resource conservation practices. The main objective of this study is to determine soil erodibility and susceptibility to soil erosion in Shonkola mountainous area, Soro district. To determine soil erodibility and susceptibility to soil erosion, the percentage of primary soil separates (silt, very fine sand, and clay); percentage of organic matter; soil structure classes; and soil permeability were estimated. Soil samples were collected from 56 locations at an average depth of 15 cm to employ soil texture nomograph. Thus, soil erodibility of Shonkola area is determined and mapped to envisage the area that is highly susceptible for soil erosion. The soil erodibility value ranges from 0.01426 to 0.04001. It was found that the soil erodibility increases as organic content decreases, soil texture becomes finer and less permeable, and structure becomes poor. Prediction of soil erodibility and susceptibility to soil erosion is of great importance for soil erosion quantification, using GIS. The farm-unit level identification of soil types and existing specific problems are crucial in planning and implementation of any soil management strategies.

PENGGUNAAN MOTOR LISTRIK 3 FASA DALAM SISTEM FEEDDING FARM DI PT. CHAROEN POKPHAND JAYA FARM UNIT SERANG 2

Peternakan ayam di Indonesia pada saat ini kebanyakan masih bersifat konvensional. Penggunaan motor listrik 3 fasa ini memiliki tujuan untuk mempermudah pengusaha peternakan untuk pemberian pakan ayam yang biasanya dilakukan dengan cara menuangkan pakan pada ayam secara satu persatu menjadi sistem otomatis dalam pemberian pakan. Dalam hal ini pemberian pakan menjadi dapat terjadwal sehingga dibuatlah sistem fedding farm. Farm feeding system beroperasi untuk memberikan pakan kepada ayam secara otomatis berdasarkan jadwal yang sudah ditentukan. Pada analisa peneliti lakukan jadwal pemberian pakan dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali dalam sehari, dalam pengoperasian motor listriknya sendiri tidak mengalami kendala namun kendala yang terjadi terdapat pada jalur dan rantai yang digunakan sebagai penyaluran pakan pada ayam.

Farm Efficiency of KVK Adopted Farmers in Central Narmada Valley of Madhya Pradesh: A DEA Approach

The efficiency of farm units of Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Narsinghpur adopted and non- adopted farmers were assessed with 45 samples in each category using a non-parametric approach Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The results of the study revealed that in Kharif season, the technical efficiency under CRS and VRS of KVK adopted and non-adopted farm units was significantly different, while in the Rabi season the difference was non-significant statistically. In the Kharif season, the allocative efficiency of KVK adopted and non-adopted farm units were significantly different statistically. In Rabi season, the allocative efficiency was non-significant statistically different. In both seasons the economic and scale efficiency of KVK adopted and non-adopted farm unit was not significantly different. The estimated efficiencies were regressed on various independent variables to determine the extent to which various variables along with dummy variables could affect the efficiency level of a farm and some of them were found to be significant statistically for different efficiencies.

Biohybrid nanofibers containing manganese oxide–forming fungi for heavy metal removal from water

Manganese-oxidizing fungi support bioremediation through the conversion of manganese ions into manganese oxide deposits that in turn adsorb manganese and other heavy metal ions from the environment. Manganese-oxidizing fungi were immobilized onto nanofiber surfaces to assist remediation of heavy metal–contaminated water. Two fungal isolates, Coniothyrium sp. and Coprinellus sp., from a Superfund site (Lot 86, Farm Unit #1) water treatment system were incubated in the presence of nanofibers. Fungal hyphae had strong association with nanofiber surfaces. Upon fungal attachment to manganese chloride–seeded nanofibers, Coniothyrium sp. catalyzed the conformal deposition of manganese oxide along hyphae and nanofibers, but Coprinellus sp. catalyzed manganese oxide only along its hyphae. Fungi–nanofiber hybrids removed various heavy metals from the water. Heavy metal ions were adsorbed into manganese oxide crystalline structure, possibly by ion exchange with manganese within the manganese oxide. Hybrid materials of fungal hyphae and manganese oxides confined to nanofiber-adsorbed heavy metal ions from water.

Co-operation of production is a way to allocate a resource for farming sector development

The agriculture reform, the establishment of a mixed economy in rural areas with various ownership forms on producers’ goods, led to the agro-industrial complex infrastructure reshaping, in particular, the resource allocation system. The organizational framework has changed radically, and the primary physical resources have moved from a centralized allocation system to horizontal connections between consumers and producers. The article describes the relations between farms, on the one hand, and inter-farm firms and associations, on the other. The article deals with the cooperative commercial farm unit relations oriented to the interfarm firms and associationsdevelopment.

VERMINOUS PNEUMONIA IN A CALF FROM A DAIRY FARM UNIT, A CASE STUDY

Following a report of a respiratory problem in a calf’s head with an approximate age of 60 days, a livestock unit has undergone basic examinations. Symptoms such as coughing, epistaxis and fever of 40°C were observed. Antibiotics along with serum were prescribed as treatment but the calf has been wasted after a week. With an autopsy and the lung examination, a huge amount of white and thick mucosal secretions as well as a number of parasite larvae have also been isolated within the bronchi. The morphological characteristics of these larvae have been confirmed by Dictyocaulus viviparus parasite infection. Basically, the role of parasitic agents in the development of pneumonia in calves is very significant. Due to the lesser consideration of the role of parasitic agents in the calf’s pneumonia and in addition to the high cost of treatment, this, ultimately leads to the death of calves. Therefore, in dealing with such cases, Para clinical tests such as stool test is also suggested