Application of hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics for classifying plastics with brominated flame retardants

Most plastics need to incorporate flame retardants to meet fire safety standards requirements. The amount and the type of flame retardants can differ, so that in waste plastics a large variety of polymers and flame retardants can be found. The recycling of plastics containing flame retardants is increasing. However, only plastics of the same polymer type and the same additive content can be recycled together. Three models based on different chemometrics techniques applied to hyperspectral imaging in the near infrared range were developed [partial least square-discriminant analysis, decision tree (DT) and hierarchical model (HM)]. Optimal results were obtained for all classification techniques. HM shows the highest error at all levels due to the noisy spectra of the black plastics. However, DT classification gave outstanding results, considering that the sensitivity was higher than 0.9 in all cases. Thus, the application of DT with hyperspectral imaging could be used to sort plastic samples with respect to the type of polymer and the flame retardant used with a high degree of accuracy in an automated way. These findings are highly valuable for the plastic and waste management industries.

Comparative Analysis of Veneral Diseases Diagnosed Using Tree and Certainty Factor Method

The danger that can be generated from venereal diseases is, even infertility can lead to death. However, if the disease can be detected as early as possible by doing intense treatment of this disease can be more controlled and even cured. there have been several similar studies that examine the diagnosis of venereal disease, but no studies have tried to examine how effective the methods are applied to diagnose venereal diseases. So in this study wanted to compare the level of effectiveness of previous research with Decision Tree and Certainty Factor method. It was found that by comparative analysis Decision Tree and Certainty Factor methods show more effective system output if the system is made using Decision tree and Certainty Factor compared using Decision Tree only. It can be seen through the calculation using a Likert scale that shows the percentage of 92% (Strongly Agree).

Techno-Economic Evaluation of Exploration & Production

ABSTRACTOil and gas producing industry, which is extractive in nature, involves activities related to acquisition of minerals interests in properties, exploration, development and production of oil and gas. Oil and gas companies consist of many types of activities before it starts its operation in the field. It involves bidding procedure, acquiring mining lease, petroleum exploration license (PEL). It consists of high risk and uncertainties which may cause financial distress for a company. The aforesaid activities are collectively referred to an upstream operation and form the ‘Upstream Petroleum industry’.  The industry is commonly referred to as the E&P industry.In order to assure the receipt of fair market value for oil and gas asset economic evaluation is performed. Economic evaluation consists of the assessment of oil and gas resources the valuation of resources in the market and the use of evaluation in considering the bid, exchange offer or other action. Full development of all three components of economic evaluation is essential if it is to be successful evaluation. Evaluation process embraces a range of procedures which, when applied to available data leads to an estimation of the right’s and property’s value. So to quantify the risk and uncertainties a good economic evaluation process is needed. There are many economic evaluation processes. Among the existing economic evaluation processes, which one is the best, is the main motto of our study.The study discusses different method of economic evaluation like Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Value (NPV), discounted payback period, etc. This report also consist some example on various methods. These methods does not account for risk and uncertainties. A trivial change in predictions alters the whole calculation of profit and loss and may compel the company to be great loser. Now to analyze the risk and uncertainties, Risk analysis is necessary. In this report we have included Sensitive analysis, Decision Tree and Monte Carlo simulation. At the end of the report analysis is broadly given in support of the best method of economic.                                             Key Words: Simulation, Economic Evaluation, SensitiveÂ