Route measurements of natural surface radiation background in the Almaty region

Measurements of the spatial distribution of radon isotopes were carried out from April 2021 to August 2021 in the foothills of the Trans-Ili Alatau of the Tien Shan in the Almaty region at various heights above sea level: from 500 to 2500 meters. They were carried out using electronic radiometric equipment: beta-dosimeter “RKS-01B-SOLO”; gamma dosimeter “RKS-01G-SOLO”; radiometer of radon and its daughter decay products “RAMON- 02” in the field. As a result, preliminary assessment schemes were built for route measurements of the 222Rn radon isotope, beta and gamma radiation fields from natural daughter products of decay of radon isotopes and radionuclides located in the surface atmospheric layer.

ALGORITHM FOR ESTIMATION OF ELECTROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF THE SURFACE BY ITS OWN MICROWAVE RADIATION

Reliable estimation of the electro physical parameters of surfaces using radiometric equipment is an actual area of remote environmental monitoring. The disadvantage of the procedures developed today for assessing the indicated properties of surfaces according to their own thermal radiation, prevents their practical use.In the framework of the statistical theory of detection-measurement based on the results of processing radiometric signals during multichannel reception, an identification method is developed and a decision-making rule were synthesized in favor of any of the hypotheses put forward about the values of the parameters of the observed surface.The methodology for solving the problem and the inherited identification rule meet the criterion of maximum likelihood. A distinctive feature of the synthesized decision-making rule: critical statistics based on the eigenvalues of the covariance observation matrix under multichannel reception conditions. The implementation uses standard computing operations.Moreover, a distribution density of critical statistics obtained because tabulated solving the problem. This circumstance makes it possible to set the required value of the significance level “apriori”, therefore, the value of the comparison threshold.Certification of the synthesized test is the rules for deciding in favor of the hypothesis about a given value of the components of the Fresnel reflection coefficient. It was carried out at the level of digital statistical modeling. The significance level was set equal to 0.05 and 0.1. Based on the simulation results, there were analyzed the dependence of the number of correct decisions (the fulfillment of the corresponding hypothesis) on the signal-to-noise power ratio for a given angular parameter of the signal.The performance characteristics obtained at the level of digital statistical modeling of the developed test confirmed, firstly, the conclusions of theoretical studies. Secondly, they give specialists in the field of development of radiometric systems the opportunity to evaluate both the effectiveness of synthesized tests at various numerical values of the probability of an error of the first kind and the complexity of their practical implementation.

Radon exposure and lung cancer: analysis of risk for residents of Rivne City (Ukraine)

The comparison of complex epidemiological (cohort, case-control and ecological) studies of Radon influence on incidence of lung cancer among mining populations of world mines and residents of the city of Rivne was conducted. The calculation of additional relative risk for the residents of the city of Rivne by the method of epidemiological ecological studies performed on radiometric equipment AlfaRad+and calculated according to the BEIR VI risk model in two variants: exposure-age-duration (EAD) and exposure -age-concentration (EAC) was conducted. The values of the risk coefficients of the dependencies of the relative risk on Radon exposure we obtained for residents of Rivne are lower than the ones obtained for miners (according to literature) – 0.31 (EAD) and 0.49 (EAC) per 100 WLM for volumetric activity (VA) of Radon in housing 200 Bq/m3 and 1420 Bq/m3. The thesis about the impossibility of automatically applying the obtained dependencies of additional relative risk of lung cancer on exposure to Radon for miners to the general population according to the variants of risk models proposed in BEIR VI was verified.

Turbidity Related to Surface Temperature in Oxidation Ponds: Studies toward Development of a Remote Sensing Method

Recent results obtained from a pilot plant study showed that the rate of morning temperature increase in surface water is significantly correlated with the degree of water pollution expressed as turbidity. The aim of the present study was to validate the above findings under field conditions. Two oxidation ponds differing in their effluent quality were investigated during the summer. In clear weather and moderate winds the ponds were thermally stratified. Continuous records of subsurface temperature and parallel measurements of turbidity provided data for statistical analysis. The variables tested appeared significantly correlated and the more polluted pond exhibited consistently a higher rate of morning temperature increase. Temperature measurements can be carried out remotely using airborn IR radiometric equipment. The thermal method should be applied together with visible spectrum imaging, which can identify pollution components according to the specific waveband of the reflected light.