INVESTIGATION OF CANCER CELLS USING THIN LAYERS OF CADMIUM OXIDE (CdO)–DNA/RNA SANDWICHED COMPLEX COMPOSITE PLASMONIC NANOSTRUCTURE UNDER SYNCHROTRON RADIATION

Triptycene Barrelene Anthracene (TBA) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of three benzene rings. The name TBA is a composite of phenyl and TBA. In its pure form, it is found in cigarette smoke and is a known irritant, photosensitizing skin and industrial carcinogenic wastewater. Cadmium Oxide (CdO) is an inorganic compound with the formula CdO. It is one of the main precursors to other cadmium compounds. It crystallizes in a cubic rocksalt lattice-like sodium chloride, with octahedral cation and anion centers. It occurs naturally as the rare mineral monteponite. CdO can be found as a colorless amorphous powder or as brown or red crystals. CdO is an n-type semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.18 eV (2.31 eV) at room temperature (298 K). DNA/RNA, CdO and DNA/RNA–CdO sandwiched complex was characterized by Attenuated Total Reflection–Fourier Transform–Infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X–Ray Diffraction (XRD) technique and Energy–Dispersive X–Ray (EDAX) spectroscopy. The modified anti–cancer-protective membrane was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), EDAX analysis, 3D–Atomic–Force Microscopy (3D–AFM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and contact angle analyses and methods. The current study is aimed to use Polysorbate 80 as a surfactant for investigating the effectiveness of permeate TBA on the Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) anti–cancer-protective membrane and the effect of loading DNA/RNA–CdO sandwiched complex on hydrophilicity and anti-cancer properties. The results showed decreasing surface pore size from 227 to 176 and increasing porosity from 101 to 111 with loading DNA/RNA–CdO sandwiched complex, and the permeate of anti–cancer-protective membrane increased from 80 to 220 (L/m2. hr. bar) with loading DNA/RNA–CdO sandwiched complex.

Removal of Cancer Cells Using Thin Layers of Cadmium Oxide (CdO)�?DNA/RNA Sandwiched Complex Composite Plasmonic Nanostructure under Synchrotron Radiation

The current study is aimed to use Polysorbate 80 as surfactant for investigating the effectiveness of permeate TBA on the Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) anti–cancer protective membrane and the effect of loading DNA/RNA–CdO sandwiched complex on hydrophilicity and anti–cancer properties. The results showed decreasing surface pore size from 227 to 176 and increasing porosity from 101 to 111 with loading DNA/RNA–CdO sandwiched complex, and the permeate of anti–cancer protective membrane increased from 80 to 220 (L/m2.hr.bar) with loading DNA/RNA–CdO sandwiched complex. In addition, the results of current study showed that by increasing DNA/RNA–CdO sandwiched complex nanohybrides to 0.09Wt% to polymer matrix contact angle decreased from 84.4 to 23 degree. Moreover, the results of current study showed that by increasing DNA/RNA–CdO sandwiched complex nanohybrides to 0.09Wt% to hydrophilicity of anti–cancer protective membranes increased. All of the above results mentioned fouling of hybride anti–cancer protective membrane decreased than usual form. Therefore, hybride anti–cancer protective membranes of (DNA/RNA–CdO sandwiched complex) with the help of Polysorbate 80 as surfactant may be considered as a suitable anti�?cancer protective membrane for treatment of TBA.

Morphometry, viability and germination of seeds of Benincasa hispida [(Thunb.) Cogn.]

The objective of the study was to evaluate the morphometry, viability and germination of B. hispida seeds, at the Universidad de Córdoba, Colombia. Eight biometric characteristics were measured in a sample of seeds taken at random from a balanced compound originating from 50 fruits. The external and internal morphological description was made on a sample of 10 seeds. Seed viability was estimated by the tetrazolium test, using the combination of two staining times (2 and 3 hours) and three concentrations of (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%), under a design completely randomized, with six treatments and four repetitions of 50 seeds. The germination test (PRUGER) was performed in a mesh house with four repetitions of 50 seeds to estimate eight physiological parameters of germination. The morpho-metric characteristics of thickness, length and width of seeds showed reduced phenotypic variation, compared with the weight, density and volume of a seed, with variation coefficients greater than 11.7%. The seed, ovoid and flattened, presents an embryo with its cotyledons wrapped in a protective membrane. The viability, determined with tetrazolium, was 89.5-96.5%, while the PRUGER was 100%, with no statistical differences between them (P≥0.05). The combination of 0.5% tetrazolium with 2 hours is sufficient to determine the viability of the seed. Germination elapsed from 6 to 19 days after sowing, with a germination speed index of 0.22, average daily germination of 5.26%, peak value of 5.33 and germination value of 28.

Alexis Retractor: Institutional Experience of Its Applications in Head and Neck Surgery and Review of the Literature

Background: The Alexis retractor is a device that provides simultaneous radial retraction and wound protection during surgical procedures. Although typically used in abdominal and pelvic surgeries, there has been increased development of novel operative techniques utilizing the Alexis retractors in head and neck surgeries. Methods: We describe 2 cases of utilizing the Alexis retractor to attain transoral exposure in the setting of free flap reconstruction of intraoral defects. Results: In both cases, the Alexis retractor provided improved retraction, decreasing the number of instruments required for adequate exposure. Additionally, the polyurethane sheath component acted as a protective membrane over the lips and mucosa. Conclusions: The Alexis retractor can be a powerful retraction tool for certain surgical procedures involving the head and neck regions.

Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Plasma-Activated Medium Trigger RONS-Based Tumor Cell Apoptosis

The selective in vitro anti-tumor mechanisms of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) and plasma-activated media (PAM) follow a sequential multi-step process. The first step involves the formation of primary singlet oxygen (1O2) through the complex interaction between NO2− and H2O2.1O2 then inactivates some membrane-associated catalase molecules on at least a few tumor cells. With some molecules of their protective catalase inactivated, these tumor cells allow locally surviving cell-derived, extracellular H2O2 and ONOO─ to form secondary 1O2. These species continue to inactivate catalase on the originally triggered cells and on adjacent cells. At the site of inactivated catalase, cell-generated H2O2 enters the cell via aquaporins, depletes glutathione and thus abrogates the cell’s protection towards lipid peroxidation. Optimal inactivation of catalase then allows efficient apoptosis induction through the HOCl signaling pathway that is finalized by lipid peroxidation. An identical CAP exposure did not result in apoptosis for nonmalignant cells. A key conclusion from these experiments is that tumor cell-generated RONS play the major role in inactivating protective catalase, depleting glutathione and establishing apoptosis-inducing RONS signaling. CAP or PAM exposure only trigger this response by initially inactivating a small percentage of protective membrane associated catalase molecules on tumor cells.

Reproduction, egg morphology and development observed in two Australian penicillate millipedes, Lophoturus queenslandicus (Lophoproctidae) and Phryssonotus novaehollandiae (Synxenidae) (Diplopoda)

Lophoproctid and synxenid millipede species observed in this study showed clear differences in their sexual reproduction, including sperm web structure, egg morphology and development compared with species from Polyxenidae. Male Lophoturus queenslandicus (Lophoproctidae) produce a single spermatophore on a sperm web without signal threads due to their lack of silk-producing coxal glands. Females of this species lay fewer eggs and differ in their egg cluster arrangement, which includes nest trichomes for protection. Lophoproctid chorion has a thin protective membrane and the pupoid has fused papillae covering the entire anterior region and an aperture bordered by protective papillate sensilla is present at the apex of the pupoid. Lophoproctid millipedes have a comparatively short intermoult period between stadia. In contrast, male Phryssonotus novaehollandiae (Synxenidae) produce two spermatophores separated by a large gap on their sperm web, with signal threads that are less obvious. Synxenid chorion and pupoid stages were unique; the chorion was tough and thick and the pupoid had anterior projections without an aperture bordered by sensilla, unlike those observed in lophoproctid and polyxenid millipedes. This study extends knowledge of the reproduction of species from three major millipede families from the Suborder Polyxenida (Penicillata: Diplopoda). Additionally, the results indicate that the reproductive strategies of Australian lophoproctid and synxenid species are adapted to their harsh environment.