Goldwater After Trump

The “Goldwater rule,” a policy adopted by the American Psychiatry Association (APA) in 1973, prohibits organization members from diagnosing or offering professional opinions regarding the mental health of public figures without both first-hand evaluation and authorization. Initially developed in response to a controversial survey of APA members during the 1964 Presidential election campaign, the ethics rule faced few large scale challenges until the election of Donald Trump in 2016. Since that time, a significant number of psychiatrists have either violated or criticized the rule openly. This paper argues that whatever the initial merits of the rule, the prohibition has since been rendered obsolete by the combined lack of professional consensus supporting the policy, absence of a meaningful enforcement mechanism, and the credible statements of non-APA members in the mental health professions regarding public figures.

Irish science policy: a case study in evidence-based policy design for small open economies

This chapter examines national science policy as a case-study in evidence-based policy design. Its reviews the strategy and science of Irish science policy in light of the challenges for such policies in an SOE. The success of knowledge intensive industries depends on access to knowledge. However, private firms tend to underinvest in basic science where much of the benefit spills over to other firms, highlighting an important role for governments. Governments of SOEs face two challenges in devising a strategy for science policy: first, the benefits of science investments are likely to flow disproportionately to other countries; second, small size may limit the benefits of agglomeration economies that are central to many knowledge-intensive industries. Despite obvious spillover and scale challenges – geographical stickiness of new knowledge production and the capacity to absorb knowledge from the global stock depends on being active at the frontiers of knowledge production. The chapter concludes that the national benefit of research is the advantage in being able to access knowledge produced elsewhere.

Las bibliotecas públicas españolas ante los fondos europeos de recuperación y el Plan nacional de competencias digitales

The strategies and possibilities for Spanish public libraries to proactively participate in the National plan for digital competences, approved by the Government of Spain in January 2021 are described and analyzed. The Plan is connected with the agenda España Digital 2025, as well as with the Recovery, transformation and resilience plan “España Puede”. This document, approved at the end of 2020 by the Government of Spain, defines the axes in which the European funds approved through the Next Generation EU Program should be used in response to the serious health, economic and social crisis caused by Covid-19, and represents an unprecedented opportunity to rebuild our society and make the digitization of Spain possible. In this context, an opportunity is identified for libraries to be perceived as a powerful and essential partner for the achievement of the different goals that are proposed, among which we can find basic digital literacy. For all those reasons, it is essential to have the encouragement and support of professional organizations, and that the library systems and their management and coordination bodies of the different public administrations concerned get involved and lead projects in order not to miss this opportunity of posing large-scale challenges. Resumen Se describen y valoran las estrategias y posibilidades para que las bibliotecas públicas españolas participen de forma activa en el Plan nacional de competencias digitales, aprobado por el Gobierno de España en enero de 2021. Para ello se enmarca en la agenda España Digital 2025, así como en el propio Plan de recuperación, transformación y resiliencia “España Puede”. Este último documento, aprobado a finales de 2020 por el Gobierno de España, marca los ejes en que se deberán emplear los fondos europeos aprobados a través del Programa Next Generation EU como respuesta a la grave crisis sanitaria, económica y social causada por la Covid-19, y supone una oportunidad sin precedentes para reconstruir nuestra sociedad y hacer posible una España digital. Se identifica en este contexto una posibilidad para que las bibliotecas sean percibidas como un aliado potente e imprescindible para el logro de las distintas metas que se proponen, entre las que podemos encontrar objetivos comunes como la capacitación en competencias digitales transversales básicas. Para ello, es fundamental el impulso y respaldo de las organizaciones profesionales y que los sistemas bibliotecarios y sus órganos de dirección y coordinación, de las distintas administraciones públicas, se impliquen y lideren proyectos, con el fin de no dejar pasar esta oportunidad de plantear retos a gran escala.

When Green Procurement Meets Complexity: The Case of Sustainable Neighborhood Projects

In a rapidly urbanizing world, cities form the key context for a sustainable transition. The neighborhood scale is suggested as a successful scale to realize cross-sector, inter-organizational collaborations. The multifaceted goals and resulting interdependencies in sustainable neighborhood (SN) developments seem to render them complex. Neighborhood scale can be understood as a program of related projects encompassing a wide range of actors interacting in a non-simple way. The added complexity comprised at the neighborhood scale challenges the promise of sustainable transition, creating a gap between what is promised as SN and what is delivered. While filling this gap is deemed pivotal to boost the performance and success of SNs, this study focuses on the practice of procurement. Green procurement has a prominent role in fostering the sustainable transition and alleviate the projects’ poor performance in energy consumption and carbon emissions. However, green procurement is complicated and often hampered by the complex nature of the programs and projects required to realize SNs. Using an in-depth case study of an ongoing SN development in Norway, we seek to explore green procurement in SN programs. The present study has several contributions. First, we provide a fresh look at SNs using the notion of program management and the principles of nearly decomposable systems. Second, the study demonstrates that green procurement can support coordination in programs, and propose several implications for purchasers to consider when devising a green procurement strategy for SN programs, laying the groundwork for new procurement research focusing on structural complexity. Furthermore, our study encourages purchasers to think like architects to grasp the various levels and make better decisions in complex projects and programs.

The coherent motion of Cen A dwarf satellite galaxies remains a challenge for ΛCDM cosmology

The plane-of-satellites problem is one of the most severe small-scale challenges for the standard Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model: Several dwarf galaxies around the Milky Way and Andromeda co-orbit in thin, planar structures. A similar case has been identified around the nearby elliptical galaxy Centaurus A (Cen A). In this Letter, we study the satellite system of Cen A, adding twelve new galaxies with line-of-sight velocities from VLT/MUSE observations. We find that 21 out of 28 dwarf galaxies with measured velocities share a coherent motion. Similarly, flattened and coherently moving structures are found only in 0.2% of Cen A analogs in the Illustris-TNG100 cosmological simulation, independently of whether we use its dark-matter-only or hydrodynamical run. These analogs are not co-orbiting, and they arise only by chance projection, thus they are short-lived structures in such simulations. Our findings indicate that the observed co-rotating planes of satellites are a persistent challenge for ΛCDM, which is largely independent from baryon physics.

Multi-scale, multi-physics challenges for future aircraft and hierarchical zonal modelling

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to outline the extensive multi-scale and multi-physics challenges when simulating future aircraft and offer strategies to help deal with some of these challenges. Design/methodology/approach To help with the multi-scale challenges, in a hierarchical, zonal fashion both the handling of turbulence and geometry is considered. Findings Such modelling of geometry is necessary to help deal with the increasingly coupled nature of many aerodynamic problems more economically and the drive towards considering ever increasing levels of geometrical complexity/scale. Originality/value The proposed unified framework could be exploited all the way, through initial fast preliminary design to final numerical test involving various bespoke combinations of hierarchical components.