Correlation between p53 and Mdm2 expression with histopathological parameters in cattle squamous cell carcinomas

Background and Aim: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common form of carcinoma in cattle. Histopathological grading systems have been utilized over several decades for estimating the malignancy of cattle SCCs. This study aimed to detect p53 and Mdm2 expression in different SCC cases in cattle and correlate their expression with the SCC histopathological grading. Materials and Methods: Cattle SCC cases were collected at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Nineveh. The SCC grading system categorized the cases histologically based on their differentiation grade into three groups: Well, moderately, and poorly differentiated. The SCC cases were subsequently verified for p53 and Mdm2 immunoexpression. Results: Fourteen of 16 examined cattle SCC samples tested positive for p53 expression. Moreover, 15 out of the 16 SCC samples tested positive for Mdm2 expression. The increased immunoreactivity of both p53 and Mdm2 was associated with a poor histological grading of the cattle SCC. There is a positive correlation between the nuclear expression of p53 and Mdm2, and the degree of differentiation and the number of mitotic figures in the examined cattle SCC samples. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate an increased p53 and Mdm2 expression in cattle SCC cases characterized by poor histopathological grading, thus suggesting an essential role of these molecules in the development of moderately and poorly differentiated SCC in cattle.

TO ESTABLISH THE CORRELATION BETWEEN P53 AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL GRADING OF GLIAL TUMORS

Glial tumors occupy approximately 70% of the spectrum of all brain tumors with astrocytoma’s being the most common primary. High grade glial tumors have a poor outcome with limited survival rate. To establish the correlation between p53 status and histological grading of glial tumors. Objectives: To diagnose glial tumors on histopathological examination, to evaluate histological grade, to evaluate p53 expression and to assess the correlation between p53 expression and histological grade of gliomas. The study investigated 52 cases of gliomas. Histological grade was determined by WHO Grading System. Nuclear expression of p53 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. A direct correlation between the histological grade and the p53 expression was observed. High grade gliomas exhibit high p53 expression. Thus, p53 as an adjunct to histological grade can provide a supportive clue to the clinicians, to predict the biological behaviour of gliomas.

​Histopathological Grading of Induced Cardiotoxicity Due to Arsenic and its Alleviation by Allium sativum in Ducks

Background: Arsenic present in underground water affects the overall health. The therapeutic effects of Allium sativum was investigated for ameliorating the toxic effects of arsenic exposed ducks. Even though, heavy metals especially arsenic toxicity and ameliorative effects of Allium sativum has been largely studied, yet the histopathological cardiac lesion grading and its correlation with oxidative stress and biochemical parameters is scarce. This study is aimed at evaluating cardiotoxic lesions due to arsenic and ameliorative effects of Allium sativum in accordance with histopathological grading with respect to oxidative and biochemical parameters. Methods: In the present study, 105 birds were randomly distributed in 5 groups. GRP II was given arsenic @ 30 ppm whereas GRP III, IV, V were given Allium sativum @ 0.5 gm/ kg feed, 1 gm/kg feed and 2 gm/kg feed respectively along with arsenic to study the ameliorative effects. At the end of 42 days, 6 birds from each group were slaughtered after blood collection and the extend of arsenic toxicity with Allium sativum effects were studied as biochemical and oxidative parameters with histopathological grading of lesions. The extent of lesions was graded as mild (+), moderate (++) and severe (+++). Result: Grossly, heart revealed dilatation and thickening of ventricular wall in GRP II along with congestion in coronary vessels. In GRP V, grossly heart revealed no congestion and comparatively reduced enlargement. Whereas microscopically, myocardial and epicardial oedema, disruption of muscle fiber and hemorrhage was observed. Along with this, there was increase in cardiac biomarkers - Total serum creatinine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) levels and tissue oxidative parameters (LPO), with decrease in GSH, CAT, total antioxidant and SOD levels in GRP II which was comparably restored in GRP V.