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F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1233
Author(s):  
Santun Bhekti Rahimah ◽  
Agung Firmansyah ◽  
Winni Maharani ◽  
Yuke Andriane ◽  
Dicky Santosa ◽  
...  

Background: The use of herbs as traditional medicine in Indonesia is increasing, with more than 40% of Indonesia's population utilizing them. White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) is a fungus that has various therapeutic effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-cholesterol, and anti-cancer properties. This mushroom contains many active substances in its secondary metabolites which have pharmacological effects. The purpose of this study was to identify the active compounds in the ethanolic extract of white oyster mushroom that will form the extract profile and become the basis for drug development. Methods: The active compound test used High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS). Ethanolic extract of white oyster mushroom was processed by 70% alcohol maceration, evaporation, and thickening. Results: The results of the HPLC test showed that the ethanolic extract of white oyster mushroom contained cinnamic acid and rutin, while the LC-MS test showed the presence of p-coumaric acid, Ascorbic acid, Linoleic acid, 9-Eicosene (E), Niacinamide, Veritric acid, Syringic acid, Ergosterol. Conclusions: The active compounds that were detected in the ethanolic extract of white oyster mushroom showed that the extract had the potential for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Risa Supriningrum ◽  
Henny Nurhasnawati ◽  
Siti Faisah

Serunai (Chromolaena odorata L.) is a medicinal plant, including the Asteraceae family. Serunai is used to treat wounds, mouthwash to treat sore throats, coughs, malaria drugs, headache medications, antidiarrheals, antimicrobials, antispasmodics, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory and diuretic agents. Serunai plants contain chemical compounds tannins, phenols, flavonoids, saponins and steroids. The purpose of this study was to determine the total phenolic content of the leaves of serunai using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The stages of the research include plant determination, sampling, making of simplicia leaf of serunai, making extract by maceration method, phenolic compound test, determination of total phenolic levels by UV-Vis spectrophotometry with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, comparing gallic acid. The results obtained by an average of total phenolic levels of ethanol extract of serunai is 171.30368 ± 1.9694 mg GAE / g means that in every gram of ethanol extract of flattened leaves is equivalent to 171,30368 mg gallic acid.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADE TRISNAWATI

AbstrakSawo (Manilkara zapota) merupakan salah satu produk bahan alam hayati yang memiliki banyakmanfaat bagi manusia. Kulit sawo matang, kulit dan daging buah sawo muda memiliki komponensenyawa kimia yang diduga berpotensi sebagai bahan larvasida nabati. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk mempelajari senyawa kimia yang terdapat dalam kulit sawo matang, kulit dan daging buahsawo muda. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui tahapan sebagai berikut: 1) Ekstraksi denganmaserasi menggunakan etanol, 2) Distilasi, dan 3) Uji kandungan golongan senyawa bahan alamyang terdiri dari uji alkaloid, uji flavonoid, dan uji tanin. Berdasarkan uji pendahuluan kandungansenyawa kimia dalam ekstrak etanol kulit sawo matang, kulit dan daging buah sawo muda danbuah sawo muda diketahui mengandung golongan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid dan tanin. Adanyakandungan senyawa kimia tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar pemanfaatan kulit sawo matang,kulit dan daging buah sawo dan buah muda sawo sebagai larvasida nabati terhadap nyamuk.Kata Kunci: Kulit Sawo, Buah Sawo Muda, Senyawa Kimia, Manilkara zapotaAbstractManilkara zapota is one of biological-based products which has many benefits for human beings.Peel of ripe Manilkara zapota fruits, peel and pulp of unripe Manilkara zapota fruits containchemical compounds which are potential to be used as natural larvacide. This research aims tostudy chemical compounds contained in peel of ripe Manilkara zapota fruits, peel and pulp ofunripe Manilkara zapota fruits. The study was conducted in the following stages: (1) extractionby maseration with ethanol, (2) distillation, and (3) identification of compounds such as alkaloid,flavonoid, and tannin. Based on the results of the active compound test on the ethanol extracts ofpeel of ripe Manilkara zapota fruits, peel and pulp of unripe Manilkara zapota fruits, it was foundthat the extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. This chemical compound can be usedas the basis to utilize peel of ripe Manilkara zapota fruits, peel and pulp of unripe Manilkarazapota fruits as natural larvacide to against mosquitos.Keywords: Peel of Manilkara zapota, Unripe Manilkara zapota fruit, The active chemicalcompound, Manilkara zapota


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Dini Ryandini ◽  
Hendro Pramono ◽  
Sukanto Sukanto

Actinomycetes SAE4034 isolates was isolated from Rhizophora apiculata rhizosphere mud showed some antibacterial properties. The antibacterial ability of this isolate has not been tested on antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens. However, there was no research has been reported regarding actinomycetes from Segara Anakan mangrove area resulting compounds inhibit the growth of antibiotics-resistant bacteria. Therefore, it is important to investigate its capability against antibiotics resistant bacteria or multi drug resistant bacteria (MDR bacteria). The research aimed to know the ability of actinomycetes SAE4034 in inhibit MDR bacteria and to identify the species profiles. The research methods included isolate characterization involving morphology, physiology/enzymatic and molecular properties. MDR bacterial inhibition assay, antibacterial compound extraction and antibacterial compound test using thin layer chromatography (TLC) method, observation of morphological and biochemical properties, DNA isolation, amplification and analysis of 16SrRNA sequence, and phylogeny tree analysis. The methods of this study included MDR anti-bacterial assay and antibacterial compound test. Subsequent step was isolate characterization including observation of morphological and physiological / enzymatic properties, and 16S rRNA gene sequence. The results showed that culture extract was able to inhibit the growth of MDR bacteria i.e. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus sp., but no inhibition to Enterobacter cloacae. The bioactive compound showed 4 spots with Rf values of 0.36; 0.45; 0.54; and 0.6. Based on morphology, physiology / enzymatic and 16S rRNA gene sequences characteristics, actinomycetes SAE4034 isolate is Streptomyces sp. This research showed new Streptomyces strain that serves as a source of MDR antibacterial compounds and useful in development of antibiotic for combating infectious diseases caused by MDR bacteria


2017 ◽  
Vol 110 (25) ◽  
pp. 251902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Chen ◽  
Yanhong Li ◽  
Xudong Pang ◽  
Weihua Zhu ◽  
Liquan Wang ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Andrew R. Delamater ◽  
Dorie-Mae Nicolas

The present study examined factors that affect temporal averaging in rats when discriminative stimuli are compounded following separate training indicating the availability of reward after different fixed intervals (FI) on a peak procedure. One group of rats, Group Differential, learned that a flashing light stimulus signaled that one type of food pellet reward could be earned for lever pressing after an FI 5 s interval and that a second type of food pellet reward could be earned after an FI 20 s interval in the presence of a tone stimulus. A second group of rats, Group Non-Differential, was similarly trained except that both types of rewards were scheduled across flash and tone trials. When given non-reinforced flash + tone compound test trials the interval containing the maximal response rate was no different than on flash alone test trials, although some responding also appeared near the long FI time. After these FI contingencies were reversed (flash signaled FI 20 s and tone signaled FI 5 s), however, further compound test trials more clearly revealed a temporal averaging pattern in both groups. The peak interval was shifted to the right of the FI 5 stimulus. Moreover, Group Differential rats acquired the reversed discrimination somewhat more rapidly than Group Non-Differential rats, and in a final selective satiation test Group Differential rats responded less in later intervals after they had been sated on the FI 20 s reward. These data suggest that temporal averaging in stimulus compound tests occurs even when the stimuli being combined signal qualitatively different rewards, but that decreasing the value of one of those rewards can shift responding away from the relevant time interval in a selective satiation test. However, when an especially salient stimulus (e.g., flashing light) signals a short FI, rats tend to process the compound stimulus more in terms of its individual elements.


2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Seitz ◽  
Rona Cooper ◽  
Gregory J. Gatto ◽  
Fernando Ramon ◽  
Thomas D. Sweitzer ◽  
...  

Superoxide affects many normal and pathogenic cellular processes, and the detection of superoxide produced by cells is therefore of interest for potential therapeutic applications. To develop a high-throughput cell-based assay for the detection of extracellular superoxide production that could be run in a 384-well or 1536-well format, 2 luminescent reagents, Lucigenin and Diogenes, and one fluorescent reagent, Oxyburst Green BSA, were tested. HL-60 cells, which had been differentiated to a neutrophil-like phenotype with DMSO and frozen in large batches, were used in assays. All 3 superoxide detection reagents performed well statistically in terms of IC50 reproducibility and met a desired Z′ value requirement of >0.4. When tested against a 1408-compound test set at 5 or 10 µM compound concentration, a higher hit rate was obtained with the 2 luminescent reagents compared with that obtained with the fluorescent Oxyburst Green BSA reagent. The Oxyburst Green BSA assay was ultimately chosen for compound profiling and high-throughput screening activities. This 1536 superoxide detection assay using cryopreserved differentiated HL-60 cells represents a shifting paradigm toward the utilization of more therapeutically relevant cells in early drug development activities.


2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. RESCORLA
Keyword(s):  

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