Performance Evaluation of a Maneuver Classification Algorithm Using Different Motion Models in a Multi-Model Framework

Environment perception is one of the major challenges in the vehicle industry nowadays, as acknowledging the intentions of the surrounding traffic participants can profoundly decrease the occurrence of accidents. Consequently, this paper focuses on comparing different motion models, acknowledging their role in the performance of maneuver classification. In particular, this paper proposes utilizing the Interacting Multiple Model framework complemented with constrained Kalman filtering in this domain that enables the comparisons of the different motions models’ accuracy. The performance of the proposed method with different motion models is thoroughly evaluated in a simulation environment, including an observer and observed vehicle.

A Literature Review of Performance Metrics of Automated Driving Systems for On-Road Vehicles

The article presents a review of recent literature on the performance metrics of Automated Driving Systems (ADS). More specifically, performance indicators of environment perception and motion planning modules are reviewed as they are the most complicated ADS modules. The need for the incorporation of the level of threat an obstacle poses in the performance metrics is described. A methodology to quantify the level of threat of an obstacle is presented in this regard. The approach involves simultaneously considering multiple stimulus parameters (that elicit responses from drivers), thereby not ignoring multivariate interactions. Human-likeness of ADS is a desirable characteristic as ADS share road infrastructure with humans. The described method can be used to develop human-like perception and motion planning modules of ADS. In this regard, performance metrics capable of quantifying human-likeness of ADS are also presented. A comparison of different performance metrics is then summarized. ADS operators have an obligation to report any incident (crash/disengagement) to safety regulating authorities. However, precrash events/states are not being reported. The need for the collection of the precrash scenario is described. A desirable modification to the data reporting/collecting is suggested as a framework. The framework describes the precrash sequences to be reported along with the possible ways of utilizing such a valuable dataset (by the safety regulating authorities) to comprehensively assess (and consequently improve) the safety of ADS. The framework proposes to collect and maintain a repository of precrash sequences. Such a repository can be used to 1) comprehensively learn and model the precrash scenarios, 2) learn the characteristics of precrash scenarios and eventually anticipate them, 3) assess the appropriateness of the different performance metrics in precrash scenarios, 4) synthesize a diverse dataset of precrash scenarios, 5) identify the ideal configuration of sensors and algorithms to enhance safety, and 6) monitor the performance of perception and motion planning modules.

Knowledge-Based Approach for the Perception Enhancement of a Vehicle

An autonomous vehicle relies on sensors in order to perceive its surroundings. However, there are multiple causes that would hinder a sensor’s proper functioning, such as bad weather or lighting conditions. Studies have shown that rainfall and fog lead to a reduced visibility, which is one of the main causes of accidents. This work proposes the use of a drone in order to enhance the vehicle’s perception, making use of both embedded sensors and its advantageous 3D positioning. The environment perception and vehicle/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) interactions are managed by a knowledge base in the form of an ontology, and logical rules are used in order to detect and infer the environmental context and UAV management. The model was tested and validated in a simulation made on Unity.

Research on Public Environmental Perception of Emotion, Taking Haze as an Example

Ecological and environmental problems have become increasingly prominent in recent years. Environmental problems represented by haze have become a topic that affects the harmonious ecology of human beings. The trend of this topic is on the rise. People’s perception of the environment after the impact of haze has also changed. A real-time grasp of the dynamic public environment perception of emotions is often an important basis for environmental management departments to effectively solve environmental problems through public opinion. This article focuses on the problem of the public perception of emotional changes, which is caused by fog and hazy weather, proposes an environmental emotion perception model, using Weibo comment data about fog and haze as environmental perception data, and analyzes the impact of fog and haze on the public in four seasonal time dimensions. The post-environment perception of emotion changes: the results show that in spring, the public’s environmental perception of emotions is mainly negative emotions at the beginning of the season; in summer, positive emotions become dominant emotions; in autumn, the public’s environmental perception of emotions is dominated by negative emotions that increase substantially; and in winter, the dominant environmental perception of emotions of the public is still negative. This theory provides support for research on social emotions and public opinion behavior.

Evaluation of the Strategic Leadership Characteristics of Provincial Directors of Youth and Sports in Terms of Some Variables

This study aims to examine the strategic leadership characteristics of Provincial Directors of Youth and Sports in terms of some variables. The sample group consists of 59 people serving as Provincial Directors of Youth and Sports in Turkey. The Strategic Leadership Questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS 22.0 program was utilized to analyze the data obtained. According to demographic variables, one-way analysis of variance (One way Anova), Independent T-test and Pearson correlation analysis were used to compare the scores of the strategic leadership scale sub-dimension of the provincial directors of youth and sports participating in the study. As a result of the analyses, it has been determined that the provincial directors of youth and sports participating in the study use high levels of transformational leadership and managerial leadership, their ethical leadership and political leadership use levels are above the moderate level and their leadership effectiveness perceptions and corporate environment perceptions are above the moderate level. There is a positive relationship between Transformational leadership, Managerial leadership, Ethical leadership, Political leadership and Leadership effectiveness (p <0.05). However, there is no significant relationship between corporate environment perception and leadership effectiveness (p> 0.05). There is a positive relationship between perception level and corporate environment perception and it is below average (p <0.05).

Obstacle Detection Based on 3D Lidar Euclidean Clustering

Environment perception is the basis of unmanned driving and obstacle detection is an important research area of environment perception technology. In order to quickly and accurately identify the obstacles in the direction of vehicle travel and obtain their location information, combined with the PCL (Point Cloud Library) function module, this paper designed a euclidean distance based Point Cloud clustering obstacle detection algorithm. Environmental information was obtained by 3D lidar, and ROI extraction, voxel filtering sampling, outlier point filtering, ground point cloud segmentation, Euclide clustering and other processing were carried out to achieve a complete PCL based 3D point cloud obstacle detection method. The experimental results show that the vehicle can effectively identify the obstacles in the area and obtain their location information.

IEPet: A Lightweight Multiscale Infrared Environmental Perception Network

In recent years, the development of unmanned driving technology requires continuous progress in environment perception technology. Aiming at the key research direction of infrared environment perception in unmanned driving technology, a lightweight real-time detection network model for infrared environment perception, IEPet, is proposed. The model backbone adds the BottleneckCSP module and the proposed DCAP attention module, which can significantly improve the detection ability and spatial position perception ability while maintaining light weight. At the same time, the model improves the detection accuracy by using a 3-scales detection head. Comparative experiments on the unmanned driving data set show that compared with the lightweight model YOLOv4-tiny, the model proposed in this paper has an increase in F1 Score by 1.48% and an average detection accuracy by 6.37% to reach 84.31%. And the model is lighter. It shows that the proposed IEPet model can better meet the excellent performance required for infrared environment perception.

Literature in Culture & Culture in Literature: Explain 21ST century

As the cultural environment of the twenty first century comes into clear focus, Cambridge Studies in Twenty-First Century. Literature and culture presents a series of monographs that undertakes the most penetrating and religious analysis of contemporary culture and thoughts. The series is driven by perception that critical thinking today is in a state of transition. The global forces that produce cultural forms are entering into powerful new alignments, which demand new analytical vocabularies in the wake of later twentieth century theory. The series will demonstrate that theory is not simply availed revolutionary gesture that we need to move beyond, but rather brings us to the thresh hold of a new episteme, which will host work that explores the most important emerging critical contours of the 21st century, marrying inventive and imaginative criticism with theoretical and philosophical rigor. The aim of the series will be to produce an enduring account of the 21st century intellectual landscape that will not only stand as a record of the critical nature of our time, but that will also forge new critical language and vocabularies with which to navigate an unfolding age. Keyword: cultural environment, perception, revolutionary, episteme, transition, vocabularies