The material ratio of roadside backfill body based on spatiotemporal law of ground pressure: a case study of Xingtai Mine, China

The material ratio of the roadside backfill body in gob-side entry retaining determines its mechanical properties, which plays an important role in the supporting effect of the roadway surrounding rock. In this paper, a similar material modeling is used to verify the spatiotemporal law of the ground pressure in the engineering case of dense solid backfilling mining in Xingtai Mine, China. Based on that law, the theoretical requirements for the bearing performance of the roadside backfill body are proposed. Finally, a material ratio that meets the theoretical requirements is obtained by compression test, and the deformation and failure characteristics of the backfill body with this ratio are analyzed. The results show that the maximum pressure of the backfill body measured in Xingtai Mine is 5.5 MPa, which is about 40 m away from the coal face, after 40m, the pressure of the backfill body will not increase anymore. The similar simulation test also proved that the ground pressure behind the coal face increases gradually and tends to be stable during the backfilling process, which shows certain spatiotemporal characteristics. Through the proportioning experiment, it is determined that the optimal material ratio of the roadside backfill body is gangue: fly ash: cement = 10:3:1, which meets the theoretical requirement that the strength of the roadside backfill body at any position is not less than the ground pressure at that position. The research results provide a reference for the engineering practice of gob-side entry retaining in dense backfilling mining.

Analysis on Subsidence Law of Bedrock and Ultrathick Loose Layer Caused by Coal Mining

In the process of coal mining, when the buried depth is large and the loose layer is thick, the ground subsidence tends to be abnormal, thus causing great damage to the surface ecological environment. In order to reveal the mechanism of mining ground subsidence under ultrathick loose layer, taking 1305 working face of a mine as the background, the law of mining ground subsidence under ultrathick loose layer was analyzed through field measurement. The law of bedrock subsidence is analyzed by similar simulation test, and the role of ultrathick loose layer in bedrock subsidence is quantitatively analyzed. The hydrophobic settlement model of ultrathick loose layer is established by settlement theory calculation, and the law of ground subsidence caused by hydrophobic of ultrathick loose layer is analyzed. The results show that the ground subsidence is mainly composed of bedrock subsidence and hydrophobic settlement of ultrathick loose layer. The maximum ground subsidence measured in the field is 4.201 m, the bedrock surface subsidence obtained by the simulation test of similar materials is 3.552 m, and the subsidence of ultrathick loose layer obtained by hydrophobic settlement analysis is 0.58 m. Adding the subsidence of bedrock surface and the subsidence of ultrathick loose layer, the ground subsidence is 4.132 m. It is in good agreement with the total ground subsidence measured in the field, which verifies the rationality that the ground subsidence mainly includes bedrock subsidence and hydrophobic settlement of ultrathick loose layer.

The Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Coupling Effect between Roof and Backfill Body in Dense Backfill Mining

Backfill mining has become an important part of coal mine green mining technology. In this paper, the spatiotemporal characteristics of coupling effect between the roof and dense backfill body were analyzed by theoretical analysis and similar simulation test, and Xingtai Mine in China was taken as an engineering case for verification. The results show that the larger subsidence of the roof is, the stronger the supporting capacity of the backfill body is, and the interaction between the two is more obvious, thus showing a coupling effect. This coupling effect presents a regular variation with the increase of backfill distance and time, that is, the coupling degree of roof and backfill body is high in the middle of goaf and low in the vicinity of the coal pillar in spatial distribution, and the coupling behavior of roof and backfill body continues to occur slowly with time. Through the monitoring of stress and displacement in the engineering site and the analysis of borehole observation results, the spatiotemporal coupling effect between roof subsidence and backfill support is fully verified. The research results are of great significance to the control of surrounding rock in backfill mining, the study of the mechanical aging characteristics of backfilling materials, and the optimization of backfill body support performance.

Influence of Key Strata on the Gas Downward Leakage Law in Dual-System of Coal Seam

In Datong mining area, CO and other harmful gases were discharged from the gob in the Jurassic overburden strata to the panel of Carboniferous coal seam. To this end, panel 8309 of Tongxin coal mine in Datong mining area was taken as the engineering background; the change law of CO concentration in the upper corner of the panel and the law of mining pressure were studied through field measurement, and the influence of periodic movement of key strata on the downward leakage law of harmful gases was analyzed. In this paper, the fracture law of the key strata and fracture development characteristics of overburden strata were further studied by the similar simulation test, and the influence of the periodic movement of the key strata on the pathway formation of gas downward leakage was analyzed. The results show that the main cause of harmful gas downward leakage in the Jurassic gob is through the fracture produced by the fracture of the higher key strata. If the higher key strata fractures in the coal mining in the Carboniferous system, through fracture connecting the Jurassic gob above the open-off cut and the upper part of the panel are formed, and effective pathways for gas downward leakage are generated. The fracture and rotation of the higher key strata are accompanied by the formation and disappearance of the effective pathway for gas downward leakage above the panel. Then the periodic change of harmful gas discharging to the panel is caused and consistent with the law of mining pressure.

Experimental Platform Development of Similar Simulation and Mechanical Test for Undersea Metal Mining

With the depletion of shallow metal resources in the land, the development of seabed resources has become a new direction. In order to achieve safe and efficient exploitation of seabed metal mineral resources, a similar simulation test platform was established for seabed mining of metal minerals in this paper. Similar simulation materials and the best material ratios were selected to make simulated specimens. A series of mechanical pressurization devices and model sample were prototyped and submarine simulation mining test was conducted. During the simulation mining test, stress and strain changes and microscopic observations of crack evolution were monitored by the static strain test system. These indicators revealed the characteristics of ore-rock mechanical change in the development of submarine mental resources. By exploring the best safe thickness of seabed resource mining, it provides effective data reference for subsequent seabed resource development, so as to realize safe and efficient mining.

Strata Behaviors of Fully-Mechanized Sublevel Caving Face Based on Similar Simulation Test

in view of research situations of the fully mechanized sublevel caving, the similar simulation test model for fully mechanized sublevel caving was presented. During the top-coal caving process, variation of top-coal subsidence and abutment pressure were measured. Consequently, the ground pressure behavior of fully mechanized sublevel caving was analyzed. The following conclusions can be reached: (1) top coal subsidence experiences the process of slow increase, trend to aggressive and sharp increase; (2) undulate change as well as decay after reaching the peak of abutment pressure is appeared with the advance of working face, strata behaviors of main roof displays smoothly; (3) on account of cushion above hydraulic support, influence of dynamic load during periodic weighting such as rock burst can be eased and abutment pressure peak moves forward, consequently, strata behaviors in the working face presents smoothly.