Factors affecting the acceptability of grammatical features of Hong Kong English

Although a large number of varieties of English in Asia have gained recognition as independent varieties, this has not been the case for Hong Kong English (HKE) (Jenkins, 2015: 162). The city has a low level of affiliation towards HKE (Jenkins, 2015: 167) and often laments its ever-falling standard of English (Leung, 2015). There exists a phenomenon of ‘linguistic schizophrenia’ – the community may recognise that a local variety of English exists and conform to its features in practice, but it still looks to native varieties as the norm and views local features as evidence of deteriorating language standards (Kachru, 1983: 118).

Insulinotropic Activity of Standardized Methanolic Extracts of Ficus deltoidea from Seven Varieties

Ficus deltoidea is a traditional medicinal plant that has been proven to show antidiabetic effects. This study focus is to assess the insulin secretion activity of Ficus deltoidea standardized methanolic extracts from seven independent varieties and mechanisms that underlie the insulin secretion action of the extracts. The cytotoxicity of Ficus deltoidea extracts was tested using viability assay. The insulin secretion assay was carried out by treating clonal BRIN BD11 cell line with standardized methanolic Ficus deltoidea extracts or glybenclamide. The clonal BRIN BD11 cell was also treated with insulin agonist and antagonist to elucidate the insulin secretion mechanism. Only the viability percentage for Ficus deltoidea var. kunstleri and intermedia was identified to be toxic at 500 and 1000 μg/ml (P<0.001). The insulin secretion for Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea, angustifolia, and motleyana was dose-dependent; further evaluation suggested that Ficus deltoidea var. trengganuensis was involved in KATP-independent pathway. This study suggests that standardized methanolic extracts of Ficus deltoidea varieties have an insulinotropic effect on clonal BRIN BD11 cell line and can be utilized as a modern candidate of antidiabetic agents targeting the escalation for insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.

Independence of algebras with edge term

In [A. L. Foster, The identities of — and unique subdirect factorization within — classes of universal algebras, Math. Z. 62 (1955) 171–188], two varieties [Formula: see text] of the same type are defined to be independent if there is a binary term [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for two finite algebras with a Mal’cev term (or, more generally, with an edge term) to generate independent varieties. In particular we show that the independence of finitely generated varieties with edge term can be decided by a polynomial time algorithm.

Review of Accounting and Economic Standards in Predicting Stock Returns in Tehran Stock Exchange

Share return is one of those complicated abstraction which is interested by investors and decision makers the share return prediction is a vital issue which has involved the financial analyzers mind to itself. Various theories include capital assets pricing model (CAPM), factorial models (FM), Arbitrage model, Technical model (TM), and fundamental analyses (FA) for purpose of share return prediction and recognition have been discussed. The share return fundamental analyze is a function of massive economical condition, Industry position, and particular conditions of the firm. The particular conditions of the firm are consist of financial position and performance which presented in the essential financial statement from. The accounting science acclaims it prepares useful information for decision makers, so one of the information usefulness criteria of accounting and economical information usefulness through return share choice for prediction. Communication creation between economical and accounting criteria is the other goal, thus in the case of this result obtaining it can use of economical and accounting analyses for economical return and value extraction. The research location zone includes of accepted firms in Tehran exchange market, the temporality zone is the gap between 1386 and 1390, too. The research is consist of two independent varieties (economical criteria and accounting criteria), dependent variety (share return). This research is consisting of a direct hypothesis and 6 indirect ones. in the consideration of presented statistical analyses and total summery of research hypothesis assessment, stood over research independent varieties meaningful relation with share return prediction in existing firm performance measurement in Tehran capital exchange market during 2007 and 2011 is existed, between this research proportion is return of assets, earning per share, economical add value ratio, retained earning ratio with positive quantity market add value with negative quantity which statistically shows a meaningful relation with active firms share return in Tehran market. The economical add value ratio has the biggest relation with the share return prediction. So the first hypothesis in this research is (return of assets ratio), secondly (earning per share), thirdly (economical add value), fourthly (market add value) and sixthly (retained earnings) being emphasized.