The Delignification of Plants Residue Substrate and Accelerated Fungal Consortium Growth-Saccharification: A Practical Approach

The environments have created an abundance of residual plants from all life sectors, which is not optimal for bioethanol. Therefore, this research developed microbial technology that yielded sugar and fermentation testing. The research aimed to discover the delignification process and compare the consuming sugar by Saccharomyces cerevisiae between the chemical saccharification and accelerated bio-agent of fungal consortium in the engineered media. The innovation of the bioethanol process was conducted using raw materials from biomass. Based on this study, some preliminary hypotheses were made: (i) arranging fungal substrate which consists of residual sugar, molasses, and enriched residual papaya fruits could provide distinguishable growth of cell mass; (ii) the substrate concentration of 2.5% and 7.5% in the growth medium using enriched residual papaya fruits, respectively, as a medium, could be distinguished using delignification. A benchmark was used to compare the chemical and bio-agent saccharification. The consortium that grew and produced cell mass by times factor in molasses has fulfilled the element needed compared to the natural organic substances from the papaya fruit. The higher concentration of delignification material substrate yielded higher growth-saccharification and the average of 10.45 ± 0.21 % Brix was obtained by the fungal consortium in the broth medium, although the acceleration growth is insignificant. Nonetheless, Saccharomyces cerevisiae had successfully fermented saccharification yield sugar from the delignification of plants residual

Products Yield and Some Properties of Bio- Oil from Three Weed Plants Produced by Continuous Pyrolysis Reactor

The bio-oil products by continuous pyrolysis reactor, which takes place at temperatures in the range of 450-600°C, were to compare the quality of bio-oil extracted from different residual plants were, 1) Oil palm bunch [OPB], 2) Water hyacinth [WHC], and 3) Manila grass [MNG]. The preliminary analyses of three residual plants showed that the liquid yield of bio-oil obtained from OPB was highest (29.55 %) and liquid yield of bio-oil obtained from WHC was lowest (28.3 %)., at 350 rpm., and liquid yield of bio-oil obtained from OPB, WHC and MNG were 55.6, 25.55 and 25.67 %, at 150 rpm., respectively. The results showed that biomass extracted from three residual plants had good qualities because of low moisture content and high fixed carbon. The element contents of three residual plants found that high carbon content. The amount of carbon in the bio-oil obtained from OPB, WHC and MNG were 55.91, 55.57, and 55.03 wt.%., respectively., carbon was relatively high in three residual plants. Hence; In this research are concerns the feeding rate, the control gas flow, the temperatures in reactor and reactor operate for produce the hi quality of bio-oil with three residual plants of resist in Thailand.

The maintenance of understory residual flora with even-aged forest management: A review of temperate forests in northeastern North America

This study reviews the effects of even-aged forest management (primarily clearcut logging) on the dynamics, structure, and composition of understory vascular plant communities in remnant late-successional (old-growth and old re-growth) forests of northeastern North America. Less than 1% of forested land in the region has never been cleared and remnant patches of primary woodland (i.e., continuously forested since European colonization; ~350 BP) are few, small and isolated within a second-growth landscape that is increasingly managed in open and immature forest age-classes. The historical loss and fragmentation of pre-settlement forested habitat has generated considerable scientific and public debate about whether additional declines in late-successional woodland, as a result of contemporary land uses (e.g., clearcut logging), threaten species that are associated with old forest conditions. We focused particular attention on residual plants (i.e., flora associated with late-successional forests) that may be dependent upon older stand conditions for maximal growth or that are less common within intensively managed landscapes. Despite a general community-wide resiliency to clearcutting, we found that a number of residual plants in northeastern forests are typically eliminated or have a reduced presence in recovering stands after logging (e.g., Oxalis montana (L.), Aralia nudicaulis (L.), Taxus candensis (Marsh.)). The most sensitive species to clearcutting include mycotrophs, taxa with limited seed dispersal and (or) low rates of clonal expansion (<10 cm/year), and species reliant on specific seedbed conditions associated with older forests (e.g., decayed logs). These results suggest that the preservation of remnant late-successional forests (both old-growth and old re-growth) may be necessary for the maintenance of some residual plant populations in highly disturbed and fragmented forest landscapes in the northeastern North America.