The influence of oil pollution on the growth and development of phleum pratense, festuca pratensis, phalaris canariensis

Purpose of the study: to study the effect of oil pollution on the morphological parameters of cereal grasses: canary grass, timothy grass and meadow fescue. Tasks: assessment of the impact of oil pollution of soils on seed germination, growth and development of the studied species by morphological parameters; analysis of the species variability of the studied indicators. Oil-contaminated high-moor peat was used as a substrate. Objects of research: seeds of cereal grasses: meadow timothy Phleum pratense L, 1753, meadow fescue Festuca pratensis Huds, canary grass Phalaris canariensis. Evaluation of the effect of oil-contaminated soil was carried out on the basis of changes in seed germination and morphological parameters: plant mass, leaf length, length and number of roots. The experimental results were processed by the method of variation statistics. As a result of studying the effect of oil-contaminated peat on seed germination, it was found that in the variants of the experiment with the minimum oil content, no differences were noted with the control values. The maximum concentration of oil (10,000 mg / kg) reduced seed germination by 924%. With an increase in the oil content in the soil, the morphometric parameters of all the studied species of cereal grasses also decreased. The greatest differences in the studied test functions, in comparison with the control variant, were noted in canary grass, the smallest in meadow fescue.

Response of Annual Canarygrass (Phalaris canariensis L.) to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Fungicide Applications

Annual canarygrass (Phalaris canariensis L.) is a specialty crop grown in Canada and the harvested grain is primarily used to feed wild and domesticated bird species. A field experiment was conducted at 5 locations in both 2012 and 2013 to study the response of annual canarygrass development and grain yield to the combined effects of fungicide (propiconazole + trifloxystrobin) and nitrogen (N) fertilizer and to determine the minimum number of site-years required to detect these effects. The experimental design was a split plot with fungicide application (none or fungicide) as the main plot and N application rate as the sub plot (10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 90 kg N ha-1). There was a linear increase of 14.5% in grain yield as the rate of N fertilizer increased. The fungicide application increased the grain yield 8.5% by increasing kernel density from 15,197 kernels m-2 to 16,288 kernels m-2. There was no interaction between the N rate and fungicide application. The application of a fungicide did not increase the responsiveness of annual canarygrass to N fertilizer. The lack of an interaction between N and fungicide application indicates that these two practices can be managed independently by annual canarygrass producers. To optimize grain yield producers should apply 50 kg N ha-1 and apply a fungicide to increase grain yield especially in regions where septoria leaf mottle is prevalent. The number of site years needed to consistently detect the impact of N and fungicide on the grain yield were 4 and 5 site-years, respectively.

Hairless canary seeds (Phalaris canariensis L.) as a potential source of antioxidant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and antiobesity biopeptides

Rising consumer concerns with synthetic drugs to treat non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have promoted a shift towards using natural biological active constituents that offer similar health benefits. Hairless canary seed (Phalaris canariensis L) is an emerging crop traditionally used in Mexico to treat NCDs. Peptides liberated during simulated digestion of canary seed protein are believed to be responsible for their biological activity; however, no studies have shown the effect of controlled protein hydrolysis using commercial proteases on canary seed protein’s biological activity. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the in vitro antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity activity of canary seed peptides derived from proteolysis with Alcalase®. Protein fractions were primarily composed of prolamins (54.07 ± 1.8%), glutelins (32.19 ± 3.18%), globulins (5.97 ± 0.52%) and albumins (5.97 ± 0.52%). The < 3 kDa and 3–10 kDa peptide fractions showed the highest inhibition capacity (p < 0.05) towards angiotensin-converting enzyme (IC50= 0.028–0.032 mg/mL) lipase (IC50= 2.15–2.27 mg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC50= 0.82–1.15 mg/mL), and dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (IC50= 1.27–1.60 mg/mL). Additionally, these peptide fractions showed high antioxidant activity against DPPH (134.22–150.66 μmol TE/mg) and ABTS (520.92–813.33 μmol TE/mg). These results provide an insight into the potential development of functional foods using commercial enzymatic hydrolysis of canary seed proteins for treating hypertension, type-2 diabetes, and obesity.

Alpiste, phalaris canariensis, su uso para consumo humano

En Centroamérica, el grano de Phalaris canariensis se importa como comida para pájaros ornamentales, no hay referencias de que se procese para consumo humano. Las semillas tienen una gran cantidad de virtudes medicinales como control de: obesidad, triglicéridos y presión arterial. En este artículo se muestra que la leche, de alpiste, si bien es un producto que ya se vende en mercados exclusivos, tiene potencial para ser producido en pequeñas industrias locales. Esta revisión temática, realizada en base de datos especializadas, será un aporte a los nuevos emprendimientos agroindustriales de la región que quieran producir nuevos alimentos saludables y nutritivos.

Propriedades nutricionais do alpiste (Phalaris canariensis L.) e sua aplicação na gastronomia

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os benefícios do consumo da semente de alpiste (Phalaris canariensis L.) em seres humanos e sintetizar seu uso na gastronomia. Para isto, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica exploratória de artigos científicos indexados nas bases de dados científicos SciELO e PubMed. Evidenciou-se que o alpiste é uma boa fonte de proteínas, lipídeos e compostos fenólicos, e possui efeitos hipoglicemiante, antioxidante e antihipertensivo. O alpiste apresenta propriedades nutricionais que os tornam benéficos para a saúde humana, mas não devem ser utilizados isoladamente para o tratamento de doenças. Além disso, este alimento pode ser utilizado na gastronomia, como farinha, semente ou extrato aquoso, sendo uma alternativa para indivíduos com intolerâncias ou alergias alimentares.