A New Systematic Encoding Circuit of Hamming (15, 11) Using Low-Power XOR-FS-GDI Based Logic Gate: Fast Computing and Efficient Area FEC

Due to the power efficiency importance of digital signal processing and data protection in different communications systems, this paper proposes an efficient design of different Hamming Codes utilizing Full Swing- Gate Diffusion Input (FS-GDI) approach. The proposed codes design aims to improve the power efficiency and the required area through reducing the required number of transistors. FS-GDI is a new low power VLSI design approach, it is a power effective approach for realizing the different logic gates. In this work, the Hamming codes (11, 7) and (15, 11) are designed by utilizing the original GDI, FS-GDI and the traditional CMOS approaches. The amount of consumed power, delay time, Power Delay Product (PDP) and hardware simplicity-Number of Transistors (No. Ts) are employed as a metrics for evaluating the efficiency of the proposed design compared to the traditional design. The design simulation experiments are executed utilizing Cadence Virtuoso simulator package under 65nm technology. The simulation experiments revealed these proposed codes achieve delay time reduction by 52.91% and 10% for Hamming codes (7, 4) and (11, 7), respectively On the other hand, the Hardware (H/W) of these codes became more simple where the H/W simplicity of the used Hamming codes is reduced 50 % CMOS approaches respectively. From the results analysis, the proposed design achieves efficient power and the delay optimizing of Hamming codes utilizing the FS-GDI approach. On the other hand, the power consumption and area in communications systems due to the encoding process can be reduces.

Recommendations for Using QPN Formalism for Preparation of Incoming Request Stream Generator in Modeled System

Simulation models are elements of science that use software tools to solve complex mathematical problems. They are beneficial in areas such as performance engineering and communications systems. Nevertheless, to achieve more accurate results, researchers should use more detailed models. Having an analysis of the system operations in the early modeling phases could help one make better decisions relating to the solution. In this paper, we introduce the use of the QPME tool, based on queueing Petri nets, to model the system stream generator. This formalism was not considered during the first tool development. As a result of the analysis, an alternative design model is proposed. By comparing the behavior of the proposed generator against the one already developed, a better adjustment of the stream to the customer’s needs was obtained. The study results show that appropriately adjusting queueing Petri net models can help produce better streams of data (tokens).

Design and Fabrication of a Printed Tri-Band Antenna for 5G Applications Operating Across Ka-, and V-Band Spectrums

In this paper, an umbrella-shaped patch antenna for future millimeter-wave applications for the 5G frequency band is presented. The proposed antenna resonates at multiple frequency bands, i.e., 28 GHz, 38 GHz, and 55 GHz (V-band) that have been globally allocated for 5G communications systems. The proposed antenna is designed using Rogers RT/duroid 5870, with a relative permittivity, loss tangent and thickness of 2.33 mm, 0.0012 mm and 0.79 mm, respectively. The antenna has an overall size of 8 mm × 8 mm which correspond to 0.7 λ × 0.7 λ, where λ is free space wavelength at the lowest resonance. Moreover, the wide bandwidth, high gain and tri band operational mode is achieved by introducing two stubs to the initial design. The antenna prototype was fabricated and validated experimentally. The comparison of the simulated and measured results demonstrates a good correlation. Additionally, the comparative analysis with state of the art work demonstrates that the proposed antenna offers compact size, simple geometrical configuration, wide bandwidth, high gain, and radiation efficiency which makes the proposed antenna a potential candidate for compact smart 5G devices.