Anti-Inflammatory CeO2 Nanoparticles Prevented Cytotoxicity Due to Exogenous Nitric Oxide Donors via Induction Rather Than Inhibition of Superoxide/Nitric Oxide in HUVE Cells

The mechanism behind the cytoprotective potential of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) against cytotoxic nitric oxide (NO) donors and H2O2 is still not clear. Synthesized and characterized CeO2 NPs significantly ameliorated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. The main goal of this study was to determine the capacities of NPs regarding signaling effects that could have occurred due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or NO, since NP-induced ROS/NO did not lead to toxicity in HUVE cells. Concentrations that induced 50% cell death (i.e., IC50s) of two NO donors (DETA-NO; 1250 ± 110 µM and sodium nitroprusside (SNP); 950 ± 89 µM) along with the IC50 of H2O2 (120 ± 7 µM) were utilized to evaluate cytoprotective potential and its underlying mechanism. We determined total ROS (as a collective marker of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical (O2•−), hydroxyl radical, etc.) by DCFH-DA and used a O2•− specific probe DHE to decipher prominent ROS. The findings revealed that signaling effects mediated mainly by O2•− and/or NO are responsible for the amelioration of toxicity by CeO2 NPs at 100 µg/mL. The unaltered effect on mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) due to NP exposure and, again, CeO2 NPs-mediated recovery in the loss of MMP due to exogenous NO donors and H2O2 suggested that NP-mediated O2•− production might be extra-mitochondrial. Data on activated glutathione reductase (GR) and unaffected glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities partially explain the mechanism behind the NP-induced gain in GSH and persistent cytoplasmic ROS. The promoted antioxidant capacity due to non-cytotoxic ROS and/or NO production, rather than inhibition, by CeO2 NP treatment may allow cells to develop the capacity to tolerate exogenously induced toxicity.

Influence of the combined method of air-plasma flows and NO-therapy on the blood system parameters in treatment of infectious wound complications in cardiac surgery

Nitric oxide (NO) is a universal biological mediator that has a multifaceted effect on physiological and pathological processes in various organs and systems of the body. It is known that NO-therapy is a powerful stimulator of a positive effect on the course of the wound process, especially in complicated wounds.Objective: to evaluate the use of the combined effect of NO-containing air-plasma flows on the parameters of the blood system in the treatment of infectious wound complications in cardiac surgery patients.Materials and methods. A total of 60 patients were included in the study: 31 (52%) men and 29 (48%) women aged 29 to 79 years (mean 63.67 ± 7.6 years). All patients were divided into two groups: Group I – 30 patients who received treatment for sternomediastinitis using a combined exposure to air-plasma flow and exogenous nitric oxide; Group II – 30 patients who were treated for sternomediastinitis according to the clinical guidelines for the surgical treatment of patients with postoperative mediastinitis and osteomyelitis of the sternum and ribs.Results. The use of the combined effect of NO-containing air-plasma flows for the treatment of sternomediastinitis is accompanied by a decrease in the level of acute phase proteins already by 3 days, normalization of leukocytes and neutrophils by 10 days after the start of therapy, and prevents hyperaggregation and spontaneous aggregation of platelets.Conclusion. The use of the combined method of low-temperature plasma and exogenous nitrogen monoxide in the local treatment of infectious wound complications after cardiac surgery is justified and effective. No reliable confirmation of the cytotoxic effect of exogenous nitric oxide in the applied dosage on the elements of red blood was found in this study

Combined interventional method of air-plasma flow and exogenous nitric oxide for the debridement of intracardiac infectious sites

Prosthetic valve endocarditis is a clinically severe pathology, which, unless timely treated, rapidly leads to the development of heart failure. The severity of the disease is caused by the fact that the microorganisms and toxins bypass biological barriers and constantly enter the bloodstream, which subsequently results in sepsis with the development of systemic embolism and multiple organ failure. The conservative antibiotic therapy is often ineffective due to the location of the infectious focus in the avascular zone. The operations for prosthetic infectious valve endocarditis are technically challenging and require high qualifications of the operating surgeon. The article presents a clinical case of surgical treatment for infectious prosthetic endocarditis of the aortic valve. The combined treatment with air-plasma flow and exogenous nitric oxide (NO) using the Plazon device without any antiseptic solutions was used as a method for the debridement of infectious site.

Interaction between reactive oxygen species and hormones during the breaking of embryo dormancy in Sorbus pohuashanensis by exogenous nitric oxide

The breaking of dormancy mediated by reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is related to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in germinating embryos but the underlying mechanism is unclear. The objectives of this study were: (1) to explore the relationship between RNS-mediated dormancy release and ROS accumulation in germinating embryos of Sorbus pohuashanensis; and, (2) to investigate the relationships among germination time, ROS metabolism, and endogenous hormone synthesis. We studied the effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), the NO scavenger (4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO), abscisic acid (ABA), the exogenous ethylene donor ethrel, and the ethylene receptor inhibitor 2,5-norbornadien (NBD) on embryo germination and seedling growth. Embryos were released from dormancy by pretreatment with NO or ethylene, which was related to increased ethylene biosynthesis and decreased ABA levels. Breaking of dormancy by SNP was related to increased levels of ethylene, hydrogen peroxide, and glutathione, increased activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and decreased levels of ABA, superoxide anions, and malondialdehyde. These effects of nitric oxide were especially significant in seedling hypocotyls and radicles. These results demonstrate that NO can break S. pohuashanensis embryo dormancy by inducing ethylene biosynthesis, and that this signalling pathway is closely related to ROS accumulation and the antioxidant defence response.