Hyperentanglement teleportation through external momenta states

The conventional teleportation protocol requires a state entangled in only one degree of freedom, while hyperteleportation requires more than single degree of freedom to complete the task. The hyperteleportation schematics are demonstrated only for the photonic systems, where in the present paper we extend the idea to a hyperteleportation protocol involving the atomic internal and external states. The protocol is deterministically engineered through resonant and off-resonant Atomic Bragg Diffraction (ABD) involving two-level neutral atoms under standard cavity-QED working environment. Moreover, the longer interaction time Bragg's regime with well separated transverse momenta states as an output of the neutral atoms guarantees the high enough engineering fidelities with reduced decoherence rates. The experimental parameters for the demonstration of the proposed scheme are also elucidated briefly describing the optimistic feasibility for the experimental execution of the proposed schematics.

Study of Passive Protective Net Protecting the Rockfall Caused by Open-Pit Blasting on High and Steep Slope

In order to prevent rockfall caused by open-pit blasting on the high and steep slope and ensure that the passive protective net structure has sufficient impact resistance, the mechanism of blasting flyrock causing rockfall is analyzed by using ANSYS/AUTODYN to establish the model of rockfall and passive protective net; at the same time, the influences of protective net size, rockfall kinetic energy, and rockfall size to the protective effect were also studied. The results show that under the condition of the same rockfall kinetic energy and rockfall size, the larger the size of the protective net, the longer the buffer time, and the impact force that net can sustain is greater; by assuming the protective net size and rockfall size to be a constant, the greater the rockfall kinetic energy, the less the interaction time between rock and net, and the greater the impulse force that net can suffer; similarly, by keeping the protective net size and the kinetic energy of rockfall to be a constant, it is found that the larger the size of the rockfall, the larger the interaction area and longer interaction time with the net, and the less net will be disrupted; the protective net used in the mine can intercept the rockfall caused by flyrock in blasting process effectively and ensure the safety of villager at the foot of the mountain.

A Comparative Study of Interaction Time and Usability of Using Controllers and Hand Tracking in Virtual Reality Training

Virtual Reality (VR) technology is frequently applied in simulation, particularly in medical training. VR medical training often requires user input either from controllers or free-hand gestures. Nowadays, hand gestures are commonly tracked via built-in cameras from a VR headset. Like controllers, hand tracking can be used in VR applications to control virtual objects. This research developed VR intubation training as a case study and applied controllers and hand tracking for four interactions—namely collision, grabbing, pressing, and release. The quasi-experimental design assigned 30 medical students in clinical training to investigate the differences between using VR controller and hand tracking in medical interactions. The subjects were divided into two groups, one with VR controllers and the other with VR hand tracking, to study the interaction time and user satisfaction in seven procedures. System Usability Scale (SUS) and User Satisfaction Evaluation Questionnaire (USEQ) were used to measure user usability and satisfaction, respectively. The results showed that the interaction time of each procedure was not different. Similarly, according to SUS and USEQ scores, satisfaction and usability were also not different. Therefore, in VR intubation training, using hand tracking has no difference in results to using controllers. As medical training with free-hand gestures is more natural for real-world situations, hand tracking will play an important role as user input for VR medical training. This allows trainees to recognize and correct their postures intuitively, which is more beneficial for self-learning and practicing.

Distance Between Players During a Soccer Match: The Influence of Player Position

In this study, we analyse the proximity between professional players during a soccer match. Specifically, we are concerned about the time a player remains at a distance to a rival that is closer than 2 m, which has a series of consequences, from the risk of contagion during a soccer match to the understanding of the tactical performance of players during the attacking/defensive phases. Departing from a dataset containing the Euclidean positions of all players during 60 matches of the Spanish national league (30 from LaLiga Santander and 30 from LaLiga Smartbank, respectively, the first and second divisions), we analysed 1,670 participations of elite soccer players. Our results show a high heterogeneity of both the player-player interaction time (from 0 to 14 min) and the aggregated time with all opponents (from <1 to 44 min). Furthermore, when the player position is taken into account, we observe that goalkeepers are the players with the lowest exposure (lower than 1 min), while forwards are the players with the highest values of the accumulated time (~21 min). In this regard, defender-forward interactions are the most frequent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest dataset describing the proximity between soccer players. Therefore, we believe these results may be crucial to the development of epidemiological models aiming the predict the risk of contagion between players and, furthermore, to understand better the statistics of all actions that involve proximity between players.

Interaction Time with Electronic Health Records: A Systematic Review

Background The amount of time that health care clinicians (physicians and nurses) spend interacting with the electronic health record is not well understood. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the time that health care providers spend interacting with electronic health records (EHR). Methods Data are retrieved from Ovid MEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily, (Ovid) Embase, CINAHL, and SCOPUS. Study Eligibility Criteria Peer-reviewed studies that describe the use of EHR and include measurement of time either in hours, minutes, or in the percentage of a clinician's workday. Papers were written in English and published between 1990 and 2021. Participants All physicians and nurses involved in inpatient and outpatient settings. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods A narrative synthesis of the results, providing summaries of interaction time with EHR. The studies were rated according to Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs. Results Out of 5,133 de-duplicated references identified through database searching, 18 met inclusion criteria. Most were time-motion studies (50%) that followed by logged-based analysis (44%). Most were conducted in the United States (94%) and examined a clinician workflow in the inpatient settings (83%). The average time was nearly 37% of time of their workday by physicians in both inpatient and outpatient settings and 22% of the workday by nurses in inpatient settings. The studies showed methodological heterogeneity. Conclusion This systematic review evaluates the time that health care providers spend interacting with EHR. Interaction time with EHR varies depending on clinicians' roles and clinical settings, computer systems, and users' experience. The average time spent by physicians on EHR exceeded one-third of their workday. The finding is a possible indicator that the EHR has room for usability, functionality improvement, and workflow optimization.

Nonlinear triggering process of whistler-mode rising-tone emissions in a homogeneous magnetic field

We perform an electromagnetic particle simulation of triggered emissions in a uniform magnetic field for understanding of nonlinear wave-particle interaction in the vicinity of the magnetic equator. A finite length of a whistler-mode triggering wave packet with a constant frequency is injected by oscillating an external current at the equator. We find that the first subpacket of rising-tone triggered emissions is generated after termination of the injection of the triggering wave in the homogeneous magnetic field. By analyzing resonant currents and resonant electron dynamics in the simulation, we find that the formation of an electron hole in a velocity phase space forms resonant currents, and the currents cause wave amplification and frequency increase. As the very initial stage of the generation process, phase-bunching occurs at the wavefront of the triggering wave. The phase-bunching is caused by the rotation of electrons in the velocity phase space because of the gradient of the distribution function in the parallel velocity. The phase-bunched untrapped electrons are scattered to the loss cone giving energy to the electromagnetic waves, while the electrons in the low density region are trapped by the wave potential, forming an electron hole. The time scale of the initial formation process of the electron hole is related to the duration time of the triggering wave necessary for generation of triggered emissions. The duration time is determined by the interaction time. For the generation of triggered emissions, the interaction time is more than 1/4 of the nonlinear trapping period in the present simulation.

Short Communication: The correlation between foot circumference with the body length, shoulder height, and pelvic width in Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus)

Wijayanto H, Wibowo DS, Widayanti R, Pangestiningsih TW, Wendo WD, Asvan M, Gunawan AS, Wirabrata M. 2021. Short Communication: The correlation between foot circumference with the body length, shoulder height, and pelvic width in Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus). Biodiversitas 22: 2635-2640. Sumatran elephants' body measurement is essential in conservation practices to perceive health status and determining medication doses. Considering elephants' size, the mahouts doing the recording can easily get harmed during their interaction with their animal. Therefore, easier method to shortening interaction time is urgently needed in estimating elephants' size. The aim of the research is to find out the correlations between forefoot and hindfoot circumference (FFC and HFC) with the body length (BL), shoulder height (SH), and pelvic width (PW) in Sumatran elephants. The correlation formula will very much reduce the time needed to measure the elephant size, since the mahouts only need to measure the foot circumference left by the elephant on the ground to predict BL, SH, and PW. The anatomical data were collected from adult elephants in Aceh, Safari Park Indonesia, Gembira Loka Zoo, Borobudur Park, and PLG Duri Pekanbaru. Measurements were done using modified Vernier calipers and roll meters, referring to standardized methods. The data then calculated using correlation and linear-regression test. From the results, we found that the FFC has very strong correlation with SH (R=0.809) and strong correlations with BL (R=0.769) and PW(R=0.73). Results from the HFC show very strong correlation with PW (R=0.826) and strong correlations with BL (R=0.775) and SH (R=0.747). In the conclusion, the foot circumference is very useful to predict the elephant's size and can much reduce the mahouts' risk by minimizing interaction time needed in elephant’s body measurement. For the field researcher, they are not necessary to meet with the elephants to predict the elephant’s size in the wild.

Distributing entanglement with separable states: assessment of encoding and decoding imperfections

Entanglement can be distributed using a carrier which is always separable from the rest of the systems involved. Up to now, this effect has predominantly been analyzed in the case where the carrier-system interactions take the form of ideal unitary operations, thus leaving untested its robustness against either non-unitary or unitary errors. We address this issue by considering the effect of incoherent dynamics acting alongside imperfect unitary interactions. In particular, we determine the restrictions that need to be placed on the interaction time, as well as the strength of the incoherent dynamics. We find that with non-unitary errors, we can still successfully distribute entanglement, provided we measure the carrier in a suitable basis. Introducing imperfections in the unitary dynamics, we show that entanglement gain is possible even with substantial unitary errors. Moreover, certain variations in the strength of the unitary dynamics can allow for greater robustness against non-unitary errors. Therefore, even in experimental settings where unitary operations cannot be carried out without imperfections, it is still possible to generate entanglement between two systems using a separable carrier.

What are Schoolchildren doing Out There? Children's Perspectives on Affordances in Unedited Places

In many contexts, children have limited access to outdoor environments with natural features in their daily lives, while outdoor settings for children tend to be designed by adults, from an adult perspective. The aim of the study is to explore what schoolchildren do in outdoor settings with natural features, and to gain a better understanding of what these places mean to them. The data were collected using children's photographs and individual walk-and-talk conversations with seventeen schoolchildren aged 8 to 9 in four Swedish after-school educare settings. The analysis used the concept of 'affordances' to describe both the significance of physical features in the places and the use that the children made of these features. Findings suggest that the outdoor places with natural features that had not been 'edited' by adults to serve predetermined purposes offered space for exploration, imagination and free play. The places offered immersive experiences with all senses, as well as physical activity, social interaction, time to be alone, and opportunities for the children to invent their own activities.

Effects of Tactile Textures on Preference in Visuo-Tactile Exploration

The use of haptic technologies has recently become immensely essential in Human-Computer Interaction to improve user experience and performance. With the introduction of tactile feedback on a touchscreen device, commonly known as surface haptics, several applications and interaction paradigms have become a reality. However, the effects of tactile feedback on the preference of 2D images in visuo-tactile exploration task on touchscreen devices remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated differences of preference score (the tendency of participants to like/dislike a 2D image based on its visual and tactile properties), reach time, interaction time, and response time under four conditions of feedback: no tactile feedback, high-quality of tactile information (sharp tactile texture), low-quality of tactile information (blurred tactile texture), and incorrect tactile information (mismatch tactile texture). The tactile feedback is rendered in the form of roughness that is simulated by modulating the friction between the finger and the surface and is derived from the 2D image. Thirty-six participants completed visuo-tactile exploration tasks for a total of 36 trials (3 2D images × 4 tactile textures × 3 repetitions). Results showed that the presence of tactile feedback enhanced users’ preference (tactile feedback conditions were rated significantly higher than the no tactile feedback condition for preference regardless of the quality/correctness of tactile feedback). This finding is also supported through results from self-reporting where 88.89% of participants preferred to experience the 2D image with tactile feedback. Additionally, the presence of tactile feedback resulted in significantly larger interaction time and response time compared to the no tactile feedback condition. Furthermore, the quality and correctness of tactile information significantly impacted the preference rating (sharp tactile textures were rated statistically higher than blurred tactile and mismatched tactile textures). All of these findings demonstrate that tactile feedback plays a crucial role in users’ preference and thus motivates further the development of surface haptic technologies.