Competitiveness of broiler in Tondano Utara district, regency of minahasa in north Sulawesi province, Indonesia

The research aims to analyze competitiveness of broiler in District of Tondano Utara, Regency of Minahasa. Sampling technique utilized was saturated sampling (census method) by taking all existing samples, containing of 68 samples of broiler in the region of District of Tondano Utara. Further, data analysis employed Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The analysis finding shows that PCR (Private Cost Ratio) valuewas less than(<) 1, which was 0.65. This means that business system of broiler cultivated by breeders had competitive advantage. Breeder was able to compete with broiler business in other regions, instead of enabling to finance domestic factor in private price. Husbandry sector had competitive advantage whereas DRCR (Domestic Resources Cost Ratio) value was less than (<) 1, representing that advantage obtained by breeder was greater than its social cost of non-tradable input. In broiler’s case showed in District of Tondano Utara, DRCR value was less than (<) 1, which was 0.96, depicting that husbandry sector had comparative competitiveness since it could finance its domestic factor related to social cost and it was economically efficient. Therefore it is recommended to encourage market expansion to the export market through the development of broiler chicken meat processing industry in North Sulawesi.

Rajiv Gandhi’s Summit Diplomacy: A Study of the Beijing Summit, 1988

Summit diplomacy is the initiative to establish contact at the highest level of political leadership to transform the relationship between collectives. The heads of states are key decision makers in the nation. The objective of summit diplomacy is to establish a political dialogue at the highest level. The assumption is that once the understanding is established at the highest level, it can transform a conflicting relationship to friendly one. Rajiv Gandhi’s visit to China in 1988 ended three decades of estrangement between India and China. It is a classic example of the normalisation of relations between two countries. The proposed hypothesis is that the success of Rajiv Gandhi’s summit diplomacy depended on two factors: the leadership personality and the domestic factor. This article primarily deals with the question: How Rajiv Gandhi conducted summit diplomacy with China in 1988? The article traces the process through an analysis of archival work of private papers and diplomatic correspondence, oral history interviews, memoirs, and biographical works.

The Influence of Exchange Rate, International Interest Rate and Inflation Rate on Lending and Deposit Rate of Indonesia Banking Sector Through Reference Policy Rate as Intervening Variable

The determination of bank interest rates that consist of lending rate and deposit rate is a crucial decision for the bank business as a financial intermediary. The banks must take into account the underlying factors that influencing their interest rate determination. This research examines the influence of foreign factors and domestic factor on lending and deposit rate through a reference policy rate called BI 7-day (reverse) repo rate as an intervening variables. Foreign factors are represented by exchange rate Rupiah against USD and international interest rate called Singapore Interbank Offer Rate (SIBOR). Domestic factor is represented by inflation rate. BI 7-day (reverse) repo rate is determined by Bank Indonesia as a new reference rate for the banks to determine their lending and deposit rate. It must be noticed carefully by the banks because it shows the direction of monetary policy from Bank Indonesia to stabilize economy, especially inflation. Model of path analysis is applied to estimate the monthly series data from September 2016 to December 2018. The result shows that the exchange rate has a positive and significant influence on BI 7-day (reverse) repo rate. Inflation rate and SIBOR has negative and insignificant influence on BI 7-day (reverse) repo rate. Both lending rate and deposit rate are influenced positively and significantly by BI 7-day (reverse) repo rate but the influence on lending rate is stronger than on deposit rate. Simultaneously, all foreign and domestic factors influence significantly on lending rate and deposit rate. It can be concluded that BI 7-day (reverse) repo rate as a new reference policy rate has been transmitted well to the banking sector in the form of determination of lending and deposit rate

The Austrian banking crisis of 1931: a reassessment

The current literature on the causes of the Austrian financial crisis in 1931 emphasises both foreign and domestic factors. This article offers new data to analyse this issue. Its findings reinforce the importance of a domestic factor in bringing about the crisis: universal banks’ exposure to industrial enterprises, which were the universal banks’ main borrowers and creditors. During the 1920s, these industrial enterprises failed to perform well, rendering the universal banks insolvent. The Credit-Anstalt, which became an ‘acquirer of last resort’ for three other universal banks during the 1920s, was insolvent as early as 1925. The bank, however, could have avoided bankruptcy had it been spared the burden of Unionbank's non-performing assets.

ANALISIS DAYA SAING UBI KAYU INDONESIA DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL

<p>Abstract: This research aims to determine the competitiveness of cassava Indonesia<br />compared with competitor countries if the terms of its comparative advantages, and to<br />know the competitiveness of Indonesian cassava if the terms of its competitive<br />advantage. The basic method used is descriptive analytical method. Analysis of the<br />data used is the analysis of comparative advantage Revealed Comparative Advantage<br />(RCA) and analysis of competitive advantage Privat Cost Ratio (PCR). RCA analysis<br />results for commodities cassava Indonesia has a value of 0.7 or below one, which<br />means that during the period of cassava Indonesia does not have a comparative<br />advantage compared to other countries with the same commodity. While the results of<br />PCR analysis, farming cassava in Indonesia has a competitive advantage because it<br />has a PCR value of 0.36 or less than one, which means that to get the added value of<br />farm output by one unit cassava required additional domestic factor costs less than<br />one unit is equal to 0 , 36. While private profits is positive, it shows that the indication<br />of the results of farming cassava Indonesia supernormal and should lead to the<br />expansion or expansion in the future, unless the agricultural areas in Indonesia can<br />not be expanded or substitute crops are more profitable in private.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya saing ubi kayu Indonesia<br />dibandingkan dengan negara pesaing jika ditinjau dari keunggulan komparatifnya, dan<br />mengetahui daya saing ubi kayu Indonesia jika ditinjau dari keunggulan<br />kompetitifnya. Metode dasar yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analitis.<br />Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis keunggulan komparatif Revealed<br />Comparative Advantage (RCA) dan analisis keunggulan kompetitif Privat Cost Ratio<br />(PCR). Hasil analisis RCA untuk komoditas ubi kayu Indonesia memiliki nilai 0,7<br />atau di bawah satu, yang berarti pada periode tersebut ubi kayu Indonesia tidak<br />memiliki keunggulan komparatif dibandingkan dengan negara lain dengan komoditas<br />yang sama. Sedangkan hasil analisis PCR, usahatani ubi kayu di Indonesia memiliki<br />keunggulan kompetitif karena memiliki nilai PCR 0,36 atau kurang dari satu, yang<br />berarti untuk mendapatkan nilai tambah output usahatani ubi kayu sebesar satu satuan<br />diperlukan tambahan biaya faktor domestik kurang dari satu satuan yaitu sebesar 0,36.<br />Sedangkan keuntungan privat bernilai positif, hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa<br />indikasi dari hasil usahatani ubi kayu Indonesia supernormal dan harus mengarah pada<br />ekspansi atau perluasan di masa mendatang, kecuali apabila daerah pertanian di<br />Indonesia tidak dapat diperluas atau terdapat tanaman pengganti yang lebih<br />menguntungkan secara privat</p><p> </p>

Analisis Keunggulan Komparatif Dan Kompetitif Usaha Ternak Ayam Ras Pedaging Di Kecamatan Musuk Kabupaten Boyolali

<em>This Research analyzed that comparative advantage and competitive of broiler chicken’s livestock business in Musuk Subdistrict of Boyolali Regency. For sampling uses a Saturated Sampling technique (census method) by taking all available samples as many thirty-two sample of broiler’s breeder around Musuk Subdistrict. To analyzed chicken livestock business uses Policy Analysis Matrik (PAM) and Ms. Excel as analysis tools. The result of this research shows that PCR </em>(<em>Private Cost Ratio</em>) <em>value &lt;1 is 0,63 that means the commodity system of broiler chicken which is cultivated by breeder has a small competitive advantage. In addition to defraying domestic factor at private price, breeders are also able to compete with broiler chickens livestock business in other region. A commodity has a comparative advantage if it has DRCR </em>(<em>Domestic Resources Cost Ratio</em>) <em>value &lt;1, the meaning is the profit obtained by the breeder is grater than the cost of social input non tradable. In case of broiler chickens in Musuk Subdistrict obtained grade DRCR &lt;1 is 0,95 that means livestock business produced has comparative competitiveness because it is able to finance domestic factors at social prices and is economically efficient.</em>