Perancangan Sistem Informasi Prosedur Surat Masuk Dan Keluar PT Jasamarga (Persero) Tbk Jakarta

Abstrak: Kegiatan surat menyurat ialah kegiatan operasional yang biasa dilakukan setiap orang dalam suatu organisasi atau perusahaan. Pada PT Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk prosedur pengolahan surat masuk dan keluar saat ini dilakukan secara konvesional baik dalam pembuatan, proses mengelompokan arsip hingga mencari surat. Dalam prosesnya masih ditemui kendala-kendala pada surat itu sendiri ataupun sumber daya manusia yang terlibat didalamnya. Untuk mengatasi masalah yang terjadi pada proses pengolahan surat, maka perusahaan memerlukan sistem yang dapat membantu karyawan dalam proses pengolahannya. Pengelolaan surat yang baik dan terstuktur rapi akan lebih efektif dan efisien untuk proses arsip dan disposisi surat, kurangnya penggunaan media kertas dapat meminimalisir tingkat kesalahan di pencatatan surat, dan mempercepat proses pencarian surat. Sistem pengelolaan surat pada PT Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk menggunakan metode waterfall yang meliputi proses analisa kebutuhan, desain, pembuatan kode program serta pengujian. Metode perancangan sistem yang dipakai ialah unified modelling language terdiri dari rancangan diagram usecase, diagram aktifitas serta pembuatan diagram relasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan membantu karyawan yang terlibat dalam proses surat masuk dan keluar sehingga proses pengarsipan, disposisi, pencatatan hingga pencarian surat yang dibutuhkan lebih cepat dan akurat. Kata kunci: metode waterfall, prosedur surat masuk, sistem informasi, surat keluar, Unified Modelling Language Abstract: Correspondence activities are operational activities that are usually carried out by everyone in an organization or company. At PT Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk, the procedure for processing incoming and outgoing mail is currently carried out conventionally both in the manufacture, the process of grouping archives to finding letters. In the process, there are still obstacles in the letter itself or the human resources involved in it. To overcome problems that occur in the mail processing process, the company needs a system that can help employees in the processing process. Good and neatly structured letter management will be more effective and efficient for the archive and letter disposition process, the lack of use of paper media can minimize the error rate in recording letters, and speed up the letter search process. The mail management system at PT Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk uses the waterfall method which includes the process of needs analysis, design, program code creation and testing. The system design method used is a unified modeling language consisting of use case diagrams, activity diagrams and relationship diagrams. This study aims to help employees who are involved in the process of incoming and outgoing letters so that the filing, disposition, recording and searching process for the required letters is faster and more accurate. Keywords: maximum 5 keywords from paper

Your face scares me: Effects of Perceptual load and Social Anxiety on processing of threatening and neutral faces

Social Anxiety Disorder is among the most widely studied psychiatric conditions. However, the role of attentional and emotional processes in the maintenance of the condition is still not well-established. This study addressed the impact of individual differences in Social Anxiety, by examining the effects of perceptual load and stimulus valence when processing faces vs objects, here used as distractors, within a letter-search task. In addition to RT and accuracy on the letter search task, heart rate, and skin conductance during the task and participants’ self-report emotional evaluation were assessed to help interpret performance effects. Results suggest that distractor stimuli that are either threatening or faces impair performance of high SA participants. Results demonstrate a hypervigilance for threatening faces in SA but indicate that this happens primarily when cognitive resources are available, that is, under low perceptual load.

Morpheme position coding in reading development as explored with a letter search task

Suffixes have been shown to be recognized as units of processing in visual word recognition and their identification has been argued to be position-specific in skilled adult readers: in lexical decision tasks suffixes are automatically identified at word endings, but not at word beginnings. The present study set out to investigate whether position-specific coding can be detected with a letter search task and whether children already code suffixes as position-specific units. A preregistered experiment was conducted in Italian in which 3rd-graders, 5th-graders, and adults had to detect a target letter that was either contained in the suffix of a pseudoword (e.g., S in flagish vs. flagosh) or in a non-suffix control (e.g., S in flagish vs. flagosh). To investigate sensitivity to position, letters also had to be detected in suffixes and non-suffixes placed in reversed position, that is in the beginning of pseudowords (e.g., S in ishflag vs. oshflag). Results suggested position-specific processing differences between suffixes and non-suffixes that develop throughout reading development. However, some effects were weak and only partially compatible with the hypotheses. Therefore, a second experiment was conducted. The effects of position-specific suffix identification could not be replicated. A combined analysis additionally using a Bayesian approach indicated no processing differences between suffixes and non-suffixes in our task. We discuss potential interpretations and the possibility of letter search being unsuited to investigate small processing differences. We connect our example of failed self-replication to the current discussion about the replication crisis in psychology and the lesson psycholinguistics can learn.

Dietary glycaemic index and cognitive function: prospective associations in adults of the 1946 British birth cohort

ObjectiveEvidence suggests that the rate of glucose release following consumption of carbohydrate-containing foods, defined as the glycaemic index (GI), is inversely associated with cognitive function. To date, most of the evidence stems from either single-meal studies or highly heterogeneous cohort studies. We aimed to study the prospective associations of diet GI at age 53 years with outcomes of verbal memory and letter search tests at age 69 years and rate of decline between 53 and 69 years.DesignLongitudinal population-based birth cohort study.SettingMRC National Survey for Health and Development.ParticipantsCohort members (n 1252).ResultsUsing multivariable linear and logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders, associations of higher-GI diet with lower verbal memory, lower letter search speed and lower number of hits in a letter search test were attenuated after adjustments for cognitive ability at age 15 years, educational attainment, further training and occupational social class. No association was observed between diet GI at 53 years and letter search accuracy or speed–accuracy trade-off at 69 years, or between diet GI at 53 years and rate of decline between 53 and 69 years in any cognitive measure.ConclusionsDiet GI does not appear to predict cognitive function or decline, which was mainly explained by childhood cognitive ability, education and occupational social class. Our findings confirm the need for further research on the association between diet and cognition from a life-course perspective.

Implicit location probability learning does not induce baseline shifts of visuospatial attention

We tested whether implicit learning causes shifts of spatial attention in advance of or in response to stimulus onset. Participants completed randomly interspersed trials of letter search, which involved reporting the orientation of a T among Ls, and scene search, which involved identifying which of four scenes was from a target category (e.g., forest). In Experiment 1, an initial phase more often contained target letters in one screen quadrant, while the target scenes appeared equally often in all quadrants. Participants persistently prioritized letter targets in the more probable region, but the implicitly learned preference did not affect the unbiased scene task. In Experiment 2, the spatial probabilities of the scene and letter tasks reversed. Participants unaware of the probability manipulation acquired only a spatial bias to scene targets in the more probable region, with no effect on letter search. Instead of recruiting baseline shifts of spatial attention prior to stimulus onset, implicit learning of target probability yields task-dependent shifts of spatial attention following stimulus onset. Such shifts may involve attentional behaviors unique to certain task contexts.

The N400's 3 As: Association, Automaticity, Attenuation (and Some Semantics Too)

The N400 waveform carries new insight into the nature of linguistic processing and may shed light into the automaticity of priming word relationships. We investigated semantic and associative word pairs in classic lexical decision and letter search tasks to examine their differences in cognitive processing. Normed database information was used to create orthogonal semantic and associative word relationships to clearly define N400 waveforms and priming for these pairs. Participants showed N400 reduction for related word pairs, both semantic and associative, in comparison to unrelated word pairs for the lexical decision task, indicating automatic access for both types of relatedness. For a letter search task, the N400 showed differences between nonwords and other stimuli but no attenuation for related pairs. Response latency data indicated associative priming in both tasks with semantic priming also found in the letter search task. These results help discern possible automatic and controlled processes occurring during these tasks, as the N400 may show automatic processing during the lexical decision task, while the response latency data may provide evidence for controlled processing during the letter search task.