PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA SMA NEGERI 2 BOYOLALI MENGENAI SANKSI HUKUM BAGI PELAKU BALAP MOTOR LIAR

The world of motorbike racing should be done professionally, but then it has developed into wild motor racing. Illegal motorbike racing is an event that is held without a permit which is often carried out in public places and this illegal motorbike racing activity is not carried out at all on official racing tracks, but on the highway. This illegal racing is a place to look for prestige among teenagers, as well as a place for gambling where every race is carried out there is always a bet money from hundreds of thousands to millions of rupiah, even causing casualties. Illegal motor racing actors can be subject to sanctions stipulated in Law No. 22/2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation and the Criminal Code, so that considering the importance of understanding legal sanctions for illegal motorbike racers, dedication is necessary. to the community in the form of Student Understanding of SMA Negeri 2 Boyolali. This service was carried out by way of lectures and direct questions and answers and evaluation by distributing questionnaires before and after the activity was carried out. The results of the dedication with the theme of understanding the law of the Boyolali 2 Public High School Students regarding sanctions for illegal motorbike racers showed an increase of 5.4%. Keywords: improvement; understanding; legal sanctions; students; wild motor racing AbstrakDunia balap motor seharusnya dilakukan secara profesional, namun kemudian berkembang menjadi balap motor liar. Balap motor liar merupakan suatu ajang yang diselenggarakan tanpa izin yang kerap kali dilakukan di tempat umum dan kegiatan balap motor liar ini sama sekali tidak dilakukan di lintasan balap resmi, melainkan di jalan raya. Balap liar ini menjadi ajang mencari gengsi antara remaja, juga sebagai wadah perjudian di mana setiap dilakukan balapan selalu ada uang taruhan dari ratusan ribu hingga jutaan rupiah, bahkan menimbulkan korban jiwa. Pelaku balap motor liar dapat dikenai sanksi yang diatur dalam Undang-undang RI Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, sehingga kiranya mengingat pentingnya pemahaman mengenai sanksi hukum bagi pelaku balap motor liar, maka perlu dilakukan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dalam bentuk Pemahaman Siswa SMA Negeri 2 Boyolali. Pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan cara ceramah dan Tanya jawab secara langsung dan evaluasi dengan penyebaran kuesioner sebelum dan sesudah kegiatan dilaksanakan. Hasil pengabdian dengan tema pemahaman hukum Siswa SMA Negeri 2 Boyolali mengenai sanksi bagi pelaku balap motor liar, menunjukkan adanya peningkatan 5,4%.Kata Kunci: peningkatan, pemahaman, sanksi hukum, siswa, balap motor liar

The Aerodynamics of F1 Car Design

Formula One (also known as F1) is the highest class of single-seater open-wheel and open-cockpit professional motor racing contest. Formula One racing is governed and sanctioned by a world body called the FIA − Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile or the International Automobile Federation. The name ‘Formula’ comes from the set of rules that the participating cars and drivers must follow. The car is naturally the central component in F1. There is not much room to differentiate in the design of the engine and wheels of F1 cars, there are only 4 engine manufacturers and Pirelli is the sole supplier for all team’s tyres. As there is not much scope for innovation in these aspects of an F1 car, most innovation is left to the aerodynamic design of the F1 car. The aerodynamics team considers many different principles when designing the car. In this paper, we will be first examining these aerodynamic principles and then discussing how they are applied to F1 cars. A survey has also been conducted among over 200 professionals/academics involved in STEM to get an idea of people’s opinions on F1 Car Aerodynamics. The data collected has been analysed to see if it agrees with the reality. While there are many papers have already been written on F1 Aerodynamics, this is the first to provide one in relation to the specific parts. It is also the first to conduct a survey among people and provide analysis for the same.

Developments in German Criminal Law: Speed Merchant or Murderer? The Ku’Damm Road Race Case and the New Criminal Legislation Regulating Illegal Motor Racing

The Regional Court of Berlin (Landgericht (LG) Berlin) was the first court in Germany to mete out a life sentence for murder—pursuant to § 211 German Criminal Code (StGB)—to two men convicted of killing an uninvolved driver whose car they hit while they were participating in an illegal car race on a public highway. Upon their convictions, the defendants appealed to the German Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof; BGH) claiming that they did not intend to kill the person and were thus acting without the necessary mens rea for murder. The question whether or not the case could be qualified as murder, and thus whether or not the existence of a killing with intent had been sufficiently proven by the LG Berlin, was the subject of several appeals and retrials. In its latest decision, the BGH confirmed the murder conviction of one of the defendants, while quashing the other defendant’s conviction and issuing a retrial. This case caused ripples amongst legal scholars as it called for the toughest possible sanctions to be imposed. However, whether the conduct qualifies as murder remains questionable. As a reaction to several similar cases of illegal car races in recent years, the German parliament subsequently passed a new law—§ 315d StGB—proscribing illegal vehicle races, thereby penalizing the participation, organization, or carrying out of an illegal vehicle race. Until that point there had been no provision criminalizing illegal racing.

Motorsport Event Attendees: Who are They, What is Their Environmental Worldview, And How Does It Relate to Trip Spending?

The relationship between economics and sustainability within the event industry is becoming increasingly important. Events with a reputation of not being sustainable (i.e., motorsport events) are chronically underserved in the literature. This research incorporated the revised New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) as a theoretical foundation to assess sustainability attitudes of motor racing event attendees at a series of major racing events in Monterey County, California (USA). The NEP assessment created the basis for examining relationships between sustainability attitudes and motorsport event patrons' characteristics including demographic information, tourist patrons' total trip spending, and per-day spending. Interestingly, patrons attending these traditionally nonenvironmentally sustainable events were found to have similar NEP scores to other event and nonevent research. Sustainability attitudes were not significantly different based on demographic variables, including age and income. However, an inverse relationship was found between environmental attitudes and spending. Tourist patrons with a less sustainable environmental worldview spent more per day and more per trip than those with a more sustainable environmental worldview. These surprising results provide a basis for industry and academic discourse within event management, sustainability, and marketing.

Saudi sports offensive will push forward

Significance After staging major boxing and motor-racing events at home, Riyadh is bidding to acquire Newcastle United, a team in the English Premier League, as well as looking at German broadcast rights. However, broadcast piracy charges present an obstacle. Impacts Most Saudis are likely to take national pride in the crown prince’s ambitious approach to investment in sporting and other global assets. The mobilisation of sovereign funds for risky acquisitions could disquiet some citizens facing higher taxes and benefits cuts. Mohammed bin Salman will use Saudi oil dominance to push ahead with sporting plans despite international doubts. Riyadh will step up efforts to gain influence within or over even minor global sporting bodies. Saudi Arabia will invest heavily in efforts to host the 2027 Asia football cup and the 2030 Asian games.

Konformitas, Sensasi dengan Disiplin Berlalu Lintas

Teenagers can be called a transition period which is synonymous with freedom of identity. Conformity is very high at this age, as the phenomenon of illegal motor racing groups often violates traffic norms and is undisciplined with Law Number 22 Year 2009. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between conformity, sensation seeking nature and traffic discipline in a group of teenage illegal motor racing in Purwosari District, Pasuruan Regency. The population in this study is a group of illegal motor racing in Pasuruan. While the sample used was 112 male teenagers in the wild racing motorbike group taken with cluster sampling technique. Data collection uses a scale of conformity, with a validity coefficient between 0.373 to 0.75 and an reliability coefficient of rxx 'of 0.841. The scale of sensation seeking properties with a validity coefficient of 0.318 to 0.521, the reliability coefficient rxx ’of 0.802. While the scale of the discipline of validity across the range of validity ranges from 0.331 to 0.597 and the reliability coefficient rxx 'of 0.827. The results showed that the hypothesis stating there was a relationship between conformity, sensation seeking characteristics with traffic discipline was accepted with a correlation of Ry (1.2) of 0.38> r table 1% = 0.256, and Freg of 9.19%> of F table 1% = 4.61.

Tie Dissolution in Market Networks: A Theory of Vicarious Performance Feedback

Managers need to periodically evaluate any exchange partner to decide whether to continue or dissolve the exchange tie, but doing so can be challenging because of causal ambiguity: it can be difficult to attribute organizational performance to any specific underlying factor. One way managers may evaluate their exchange partners is by observing the performance trajectories of competitors who rely on the same exchange partners. We propose a theory of vicarious performance feedback and test it in the context of Formula One motor racing. We find that a firm building a Formula One racing car is more likely to end an exchange relationship with an engine supplier after that supplier’s other customers experience an episode of poor performance relative to their historic track record. In line with an attention-based view of the firm, this behavior occurs when the firm’s own performance is below its aspiration level. This work extends our understanding of how managers use vicarious learning to supplement their direct experience when evaluating their exchange partners, expands our thinking about network dynamics by showing how network neighbors’ experiences can influence tie decisions made within a dyad, and contributes to the cognitive foundations of problemistic search by showing how external information is integrated into managers’ responses to their own firm’s underperformance.

Aerodynamics in motorsports

Motor racing, like other popular forms of competitive sports, requires physical fitness, concentration, and vigorous preparation and training. Although progress in technology may dominate the race, governing bodies are continuously updating the rulebooks to keep the human factor dominant in winning races. On the other hand, vehicle performance depends on elements such as the engine, tires, suspension, road, and aerodynamics. In recent years, however, vehicle aerodynamics has gained increased attention, mainly due to the utilization of the negative lift (downforce) principle, yielding several significant performance improvements. The importance of drag reduction and improved fuel efficiency are easily understood by the novice observer and are still at the center of racing vehicle design. Interestingly, however, generating downforce by the vehicle usually increases its drag but improves average speed in closed circuits. Consequently, various methods to generate downforce such as inverted wings, diffusers, and vortex generators will be discussed. Also, generic trends connecting a vehicle’s shape to its aerodynamics are presented, followed by more specific race-car examples. Due to the complex geometry of these vehicles, the aerodynamic interaction between the various body components is significant, resulting in vortex flows and wing shapes which may be different than those used on airplanes.