Real Earnings Management, Firm Performance, and Corporate Governance Mechanism

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of real earnings management on firm performance and the impact of corporate governance as an intervening variable in the relationship between real earnings management and firm performance. The object are companies include in Corporate Governance Perception Index during 2015-2019 and listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and analyzed by using path analysis method. Real earnings management has a significant effect on the firm performance. Furthermore, with corporate governance mechanism within the company, real earnings management significantly affect firm performance. This research is meaningful, but has limitations. The result cannot be generalizing because the sample only companies that listed in CGPI and IDX period 2015-2019. The research implication are as follows: top level management should be cautious about credit policy, cash flow from operation, discretionary expenditures, and production. Earnings management is one of variable that the most prevalent in recent studies but the proxy for earnings management in the recent studies used discretionary accrual. In this research, real earnings management is used to indicate earnings management which measured by abnormal cash flow from operation. Thus, it may provide some contribution to the literature.

Financing Cash Flow, Discretionary Accruals and Stock Return of Firms Listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya

The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of financing cash flow on stock return and to test the moderating effect of discretionary accruals on the relationship between financing cash flow and stock return. Panel data was collected from 29 listed non-financial firms at NSE for 12 years from 2007-2019. Fixed effect hierarchical regression analysis showed that financing cash flow had a positive and significant effect on stock return while discretionary accruals negatively moderate the relationship between financing cash flows and stock returns. The study concludes that financing cash flow improves stock return, however, high discretionary accruals adversely reduce the effect of financing cash flow on stock return. Therefore, the study recommends that NSE should enact incisive regulations pertaining to discretionary accrual practices and its implication on stock return to protect investor vulnerability to losses in their investment due to managers’ opportunistic behaviours.

THE EFFECT OF CREDIT RATING, DISCRETIONARY ACCRUAL, AND FINANCIAL DISTRESS ON CREDIT FACILITIES IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN INDONESIA

This study aims to analyze the effect of credit rating, discretionary accrual, and financial distress on credit facilities, namely the rate spread, credit collateral, and maturity date extended by banks. This study uses static panel equations and panel data, consisting of 50 manufacturing companies in Indonesia from 2010 to 2017. The research methods used are the Pooled Least Square (PLS), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), Random Effect Model (REM), and logit panels. This study concludes that earnings management has a negative and insignificant impact on the rate spread and maturity date but positively and significantly affects the collateral variable. Financial distress has a positive and insignificant effect on the rate spread and maturity date but negatively impacts the collateral variable. The company's investment rating has a negative and insignificant impact on the three dependent variables, namely, rate spread, collateral, and maturity date.Keywords: credit rating, discretionary accrual, financial distress, credit facilitiesJEL Classification: C23, G21, G24

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Earnings Management: An Evidence from Financial Reporting in European Firms

The aim of this study is to determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on earnings management practices. Focusing on a sample of 2,031 firms listed in 15 European countries, the study uses three discretionary accrual metrics as a proxy for earnings management ( Dechow et al., 1995 ; Kothari et al., 2005 ; McNichols, 2002 ) models. To this end, ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions are applied to compare earnings management during the pre-pandemic period (2017q1–2019q4) and the pandemic period (2020q1–2020q4). The results indicate that the sample firms tend to manage earnings during the pandemic period than during the preceding period. This finding implies a reduced reliability of the financial reports during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further analysis provides evidence of significant income-increasing earnings management during 2020. This finding suggests that firms manage earnings upward by alleviating the level of reported losses to rebuild investor and stakeholder confidence needed to support the economic recovery.

Related Party Transactions, Family Ownership, and Earnings Management in Indonesia

The purpose of earnings management practice is to reach the profit goals the company wants to achieve. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between related party transactions and earnings management in Indonesia by balanced panel data from consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2017 to 2019. The number of samples used in this study was 102 firm-year observations. The results showed that related party transactions positively and significantly improved corporate earnings management, with discretionary accrual as a proxy. The presence of family ownership strengthens the relationship between related party transactions and earnings management. Also, it shows that the control variable: public accountant from BIG4, company size, company losses, and ROA affect accrual earnings management. The leverage does not affect accrual earnings management. The study result indicates that family business ownership encourages an entrenchment effect that is detrimental to the company. It is carried out through related party transactions then manipulated by using accrual earnings management practices.DOI: 10.26905/jkdp.v25i3.5778

Pengaruh Tata Kelola Perusahaan Terhadap Manajemen Laba Pada Perusahaan Dagang Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to learn about the governance arrangements for earnings management in trading entities, and investment in the trade subsector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. Entity governance is organized into 3 variable compositions, institutional ownership, managerial ownership and audit committee. Earnings management variables were collected with discretionary accrual using the Jones model. Data collection method in this research is purposive sampling. The sample amounted to 27 entities that are part of 10 companies that are taken from the company in the trade, services and investment sectors with the retail trade subsector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2014-2018. The research method used is the multiple regression method to analyze the independent variables on the dependent variable. The results showed that corporate governance towards earnings management in this study stated by the T Test and F Test. The T Test results showed that institutional ownership and audit audits had significant effect on earnings management, managerial ownership variables showed no significant effect on earnings management. The results of the F Test research is the composition of institutional ownership, managerial ownership and the audit board together have a significant influence on earnings management.

Analisis Perbedaan Manajemen Laba Sebelum Dan Sesudah Konvergensi IFRS Perusahaan Consumer Goods Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa perbedaan manajemen lama sebelum dan setelah implementasi International Financial Accounting Standards (IFRS). Analisa manajemen laba dalam penelitian ini menggunakan proksi discretionary accrual hasil pengembangan yang dilakukan Khotari et al. (2015). Metode peneltian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analitik, dimana metode ini menganalisa dan mendeskripsikan data-data yang dieproleh dari sampel penelitian. Pengambilan sampel penelitian dengan menggunakan purposive sampling dari perusahaan manufaktur sektor Consumers Goods yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, dimana jumlah sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 25 perusahaan dengan periode pengamatan data periode 2009 s.d. 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan manajemen laba perusahaan consumers goods sebelum dan sesudah penerapan IFRS, dimana pada saat penerapan IFRS manajemen laba mengalami penurunan, dan artinya kualitas laba perusahaan semakin baik.

The Influence of Auditor Opinion, Audit Committee, Discretionary Accrual on Corporate Performance and Cumulative Abnormal Return (Evidence From Indonesia Stock Exchange)

This research aimed to analyze and determine the influence of auditor opinion, audit committee, and discretionary accrual onthe cumulative abnormal return of a company using corporate performance as a moderating variable in the agricultural, basic chemical industry, food and beverage, and finance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2016-2019. The data analysis method used path analysis and multiple linear regressions on a research population of 625 companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange 2016-2019. This research used 226 companies as samples. Research result shows that the auditor opinion and audit committee has no significant influence on corporate performance. Discretionary accrual has a significant influence on corporate performance. Auditor opinion, audit committee, and discretionary accrual have no positive influence on cumulative abnormal return. Corporate performance has a significant influence on cumulative abnormal returns.

Is there any interaction between real earnings management and accrual-based earnings management?

This research aims to investigate whether firms employ real earnings management (REM) and accrual-based earnings management (AEM) as substitutes for each other when managing earnings to meet earnings benchmarks. It specifically looks at the sequential nature of both forms of earnings management. REM is proxied by an abnormal amount of operating cash developed by Dechow et al. (1998), while AEM is proxied by the discretionary accrual model by Dechow, Sloan, & Sweeney (1995). The data was obtained from the Economics and Business Data Center, Faculty of Economics and Business, Gadjah Mada University, focusing on manufacturing and mining companies during the period from 2005 to 2013, which resulted in 754 firm-years data. Using correlation tests and an empirical model developed by this research, which captures the interaction between REM and AEM, this research shows that firms use both forms of earnings management sequentially; managers more often engage in accrual-based earnings management if the earnings produced by real manipulations do not meet the earnings target. This finding is important as REM and AEM occur sequentially instead of simultaneously, and earnings performance is not only driven by accrual-based earnings management but also by real earnings management.