Thickness Investigation and Prevention Strategy of Hydrate Deposition During Avoidance Typhoon for Deep Water Gas Well

The investigation of hydrate deposition is a significant basis for the hydrate prevention strategy during avoidance typhoons for deepwater gas wells. Shut-in operation is a necessary procedure due to avoidance typhoon, the hydrate intrinsic kinetic potential increases the growth rate under shut-in conditions. We establish the model of hydrate thickness investigation and the simulations illustrate that the hydrate thickness layer is relatively minor during avoidance typhoon. Meanwhile, hydrate is aggravated by the environment of low temperature and strong disturbance near the mud line due to production after avoidance typhoon. We discuss the variation of temperature profile and concentration of ethylene glycol during restart operation. The concentration variation of the ethylene glycol on the induced flow show after restart operation that the hydrate inhibitor satisfies the hydrate prevention requirements. This research provides a significant design for the hydrate management program during avoidance typhoon for deepwater gas wells, which is useful to the development of traditional avoidance strategy and decreased the cost of hydrate inhibitors.

Nature of Energy Interactions

Electromagnetic waves have an electric and magnetic field. There is an intimate relationship between these two fields and in this present work we adopt the theory that subatomic particles, here being considered neutrinos, can carry the thermal energy calculated through intrinsic kinetic energy. The field of neutrinos determined here may be responsible for the formation of the second harmonic, recently discovered, in which highly energetic electromagnetic waves, in the order of terahertz, excite superconducting electrons. Theories related to the electron and the electric and magnetic fields were also addressed, as their nature is fundamental to the understanding of electromagnetic waves, the interaction between them and the broad effects on nature.

Intrinsic kinetic study of 1-butene isomerization over magnesium oxide catalyst via a Berty stationary catalyst basket reactor

The intrinsic kinetics of 1-butene isomerization over a commercial MgO catalyst was studied by using a Berty-type reactor (gradient-less recycle reactor) without limitations of heat-, external mass-, and internal mass-transfers.

Photocatalytic toluene degradation: braiding physico-chemical and intrinsic kinetic analyses

Combined physico-chemical and kinetic analyses of photo-catalytic elimination reactions for quantitative understanding.

Assessment of an intrinsic kinetic model for TiO2–formic acid photodegradation using LEDs as a radiation source

Intrinsic kinetic parameters for two photocatalysts, one of them modified with carbon, were estimated to model HCOOH photodegradation using LEDs with different emission spectra.